Echinoderms, 459, 460, 1319 Edentata, 1519, 1536, 1555 Eel, 1385 Egypt, agriculture in, 1091-92 dogs of, 1611 Elephants, 1533, 1537-38, 1549 Elger, 819 Elk, 1553 Elton Lake, 586 Elves, 1204 Emeu, 1524, 1526 Emu, 1556, 1560 Enaliosaurs, 487 Encke, 298, 299, 418 Endlicher, 877, 995 Endogens, 455, 874, 1001 Endomosis, 1294-95 Eocene, 490-91, 1647, 1648 Eocene animals, 1535 Epiphytes, 862 Equinoxes, precession of the, 373 Equisetaceæ, 468-69, 472, 1110 Eta, Argus, 57, 155, 212-13 Cassiopeiæ, 198, 207 Hercules, 315 Etna, 525, 545, 548, 557 Eucalyptus, 927-28, 955, 1139 Eudoxus, 64 Euler, 41 Euphorbia, 1163, 1165 Euphrates, the, 624 Europe, fauna of, 1541-45 vegetation of, 898-904 Evaporation, 793-96 Evergreens, 1125-30 Existence, struggle for, 1464-82 Exogens, 455, 1002 Exosmosis, 1295 F Fairy flies, 1449-58 Fairy rings, 1204-8 Fauna, marine, 1522 Ferns, 455, 467-68, 470, 472, 473, 873, 887, 889-90, 929, 954-55, 957-58, 967, 1230 Ferrel, 792 Fertilization, 1005-6, 1064-68, 1104, 1107, 1112-13, 1495-98 cross, 897-98 insect, 894-95, 897, 957 wind, 898, 957, 1027-37 Fig, 1169-70 Fig-trees, 955 Findley, A. G., 736 Finns, 1672-74 Fire-balls. See _Meteors_ Fire-flies, 1557 Fire-wells, 519 Fishes, 460-61, 463, 470, 474, 482-86, 1337-56, 1544 amphibious, 1351-53 fins of, 1338, 1340-42 gills of, 1338, 1344 globe, 1355 intelligence of, 1345-46 mud, 1353-55 nests of, 1350, 1629 pipe, 1346, 1350 protective color of, 1601 scales of, 1338, 1339 shooting, 1351 senses of, 1344-45 teeth of, 1342-43 telescope, 1356 the (constellation), 78 trigger, 1355-56 Flamingo, 1636 Flamsteed, 65, 427 Flies, 1444 fairy, 1449-58 Flögel, 818 Flood. See _Deluge_ Flora of the Alps, 513-15 of Australia and Mesozoic compared, 886 of carboniferous period, 468, 473, 873 of New Zealand and Mesozoic compared, 886 dawn of modern, 874 fossil, 959-61 Mesozoic, 871-77 Permian, 472 seashore, 1233-37 Flower, the, 867 Flowers, clock of, 1043 colors of, 959, 1061-68, 1104 diœcious, 870 fertilization of, 871, 1027-37, 1064-68 and insects, 894-95, 897, 957, 968, 1028-30, 1064-68, 1069-77, 1112 mimicry in, 1070 monœcious, 870 odors of, 1107-9 queer, 1068-77 sleep of, 1005 Fly, house, 1525-27 Fog, 823 Fogs, red, 831 Föhn, the, 831 Fomalhaut, 57 Foraminifera, 471, 1307 Forbes, E., 1521 Forest formations, 1135-46 Försch, 1172 Forskal’s region, 940 Förster, 819 Förster’s region, 940 Fossil, definition of, 443 Fox, 1542, 1567, 1576, 1579-81, 1616-17 the Little, 78 Frog, 1379-82 Fruits, 898, 1002-16, 1104, 1647 Fulton, T. W., 1106 Fumaroles, 539