The story of the universe. Volume 4 (of 4) : $b The earth's creatures : fauna
History
The story of the universe. Volume 4 (of 4) : $b The earth's creatures : fauna
Astronomy; Earth (Planet); Natural history
It has long, thin, brown wing-cases, and often
flies into rooms at night, attracted by the light which it probably
mistakes for that of its mate.
The metamorphoses of the Cantharidæ are very remarkable. The larvæ
are at first active and hexapod. The Phytophaga are vegetable
feeders, both as larvæ and in the perfect state. The larvæ are
furnished with legs, and are not unlike the caterpillars of certain
Lepidoptera.
The larva of Coccinella (the ladybird) is somewhat depressed, of an
elongated ovate form, with a small head, and moderately strong legs.
It feeds on Aphides.
Thus, then, we see that there are among the Coleoptera many different
forms of larvæ. Macleay considered that there were five principal
types.
The pupa of the Coleoptera is quiescent, and “the parts of the future
beetle are plainly perceivable, being incased in distinct sheaths;
the head is applied against the breast; the antennæ lie along the
sides of the thorax; the elytra and wings are short and folded at
the sides of the body, meeting on the under side of the abdomen; the
two anterior pairs of legs are entirely exposed, but the hind pair
are covered by wing-cases, the extremity of the thigh only appearing
beyond the sides of the body.”[8]
In the next three orders--namely, the Orthoptera (grasshoppers,
locusts, crickets, walking-stick insects, cockroaches, etc.),
Euplexoptera (earwigs), and Thysanoptera, a small group of insects
well known to gardeners under the name of Thrips--the larvæ when
they quit the egg already much resemble the mature form, differing,
in fact, principally in the absence of wings, which are more or less
gradually acquired, as the insect increases in size. They are active
throughout life. Those specimens which have rudimentary wings are,
however, usually called pupæ.
The Neuroptera present, perhaps, more differences in the character
of their metamorphoses than any other order of insects. Their larvæ
are generally active, hexapod little creatures, and do not vary from
one another in appearance so much, for instance, as those of the
Coleoptera, but their pupæ differ essentially; some groups remaining
active throughout life, like the Orthoptera; while a second division
have quiescent pupæ, which, however, in some cases, acquire more or
less power of locomotion shortly before they assume the mature state;
thus that of Raphidia, though motionless at first, at length acquires
strength enough to walk, even while still inclosed in the pupa skin,
which is very thin.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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