The story of the universe. Volume 4 (of 4) : $b The earth's creatures : fauna
History
The story of the universe. Volume 4 (of 4) : $b The earth's creatures : fauna
Astronomy; Earth (Planet); Natural history
You have doubtless often admired the noble dragon-fly, with its four
ample and widespread wings of gauze, hawking in a green lane, or over
a pool in the noon of summer. It sails, or rather shoots with arrowy
fleetness hither and thither, now forward, now backward, now to the
right, now to the left, without turning its body, but simply by the
action of its powerful and elegant wings. Leeuwenhoek once saw an
insect of this tribe chased by a swallow in a menagerie a hundred
feet long. The dragon-fly shot along with such astonishing power of
wing, to the right, to the left, and in all directions, that this
bird of rapid flight and ready evolution was unable to overtake and
capture it, the insect eluding every attempt, and being in general
fully six feet in advance of the bird. A dragon-fly has been known
to fly on board a ship at sea, the nearest land being the coast of
Africa, five hundred miles distant, a fact highly illustrative of its
power of wing.
It is a point of interest to know the structure of the organs by
which such results are accomplished. Let us begin with the common
fly. Well, we will borrow one of his wings for the lesson, and,
putting it into the stage-forceps, we shall be able to turn it in any
direction for observation beneath the microscope.
At first it seems a very thin, transparent membrane, of a shape
between triangular and oval, with a few fine black lines running
through it, and along one edge. But on bringing a greater magnifying
power to bear on it, we see that the clear surface is covered with
minute short stiff hairs, each of which has an expanded base. And
still further, by delicate focusing, we find that there are two sets
of these hairs, which come into view alternately, those of one row
projecting upward toward our eye, those of the other downward. They
are placed on both the upper and under surface, and are in fact
appendages of two distinct membranes, applied to each other. There
is some reason to believe that these hairs are delicate organs of
touch communicating impressions through the skin to a sensitive layer
beneath; at least such seems their function on the body, and we may
judge from analogy that it is not different here.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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