Here are specimens from the pretty little white five-plume moth (Pterophorus), so common in meadows in summer. The general shape of the scales from the body and wings is that of a willow-leaf, some singly pointed, but more cut at the tip into two, three, or four notches. Those from the legs are longer and slenderer in proportion; and among the others from the wings there are some which take the form of hairs, which send forth one or more branches from one side, that form a very acute angle with the main stem. The scales proper are all marked with longitudinal lines, very minute and close, but they mostly bear a central band, and sometimes a marginal one on each side, of spots set in sinuous lines like the bands on a mackerel’s back; these are probably composed of pigment-granules. The hairs with which the bodies of moths are invested are essentially of the same character as the scales which clothe their wings. Here are examples from the glowing sides of the abdomen of that richly colored insect, the cream-spot tiger-moth (Arctia villica). You see they are simple scales, drawn out to an inordinate length and great tenuity; each has its quill-like footstalk, and we may trace on some of them the ribs and transverse dotting, while here we see all intermediate stages between the slenderest hair and the broadly ovate, bluntly pointed scales from the wings. You are familiar, of course, with the brilliant little blue butterfly (Polyommatus Alexis) which dances and glitters in the sunshine on waste places in June. Among the scales of ordinary form which clothe the lovely little wings will occur one here and there of a different shape from the rest. Here you may see one; it is much smaller than the average; the footstalk is very long, and the shape of the entire scale is that of a battledoor. The ribs are rather few and coarse, and they have this peculiarity, that each rib swells at intervals into rounded dilatations, each of which has a minute black point in its centre. In some of these battledoor scales there is, near the lower part of the expansion, a crescent of minute pigment-grains. Scales taken from the brilliant changeable blue-green patch in the hindwing of Papilio Paris, a fine Indian butterfly, have an interesting appearance. They are simply pear-shaped in outline, with few longitudinal ribs set far apart, and numerous strongly marked corrugations running across between them. That these are really elevations of the surface is well seen in some scales, even with transmitted light, and a high power; for the slopes of the wrinkles that face the light display the lustrous emerald reflection proper to the wing, while the transmitted color of the whole scale is a rich transparent red.