Meanwhile grumblers and incompetent critics had kept so incessantly
bringing all sorts of reckless charges against Lord Chelmsford, of
incapacity as a soldier, that the home government thought it wise to
give way, and accordingly, to please the _vulgus profanum_, recalled Sir
Garnet Wolseley from Cyprus, and appointed him Governor of South Africa,
High Commissioner in Natal and the Transvaal, and Commander-in-chief of
her Majesty's forces in Africa, thus superseding Lord Chelmsford. This
news reached the troops actively employed against the Zulus about the
middle of June, and was received with considerable dissatisfaction by
both officers and men. It seemed to them unfair that their General
should be superseded just as a final advance was being made, and just as
he was about to reap the fruits of all his anxiety and labour. He had at
that time on the way to Ulundi a perfectly-equipped force of 9364
Imperial Infantry, 3957 Colonial Infantry, 1190 Imperial Cavalry, 1877
Colonial Cavalry, 775 Artillery, with a proportionate number of guns
(36), and 385 Royal Engineers. Generals Crealock and Newdigate had
received full instructions with regard to the concentration and movement
of this force, and all the organization had been planned and carried out
under the personal supervision of Lord Chelmsford, who had worked night
and day to get matters to a state of efficiency. It seemed, therefore,
rather hard and disheartening that the new General, who had had none of
the anxiety or the toil, should appear as the _Deus ex machina_ upon the
scene, and reap all the credit and glory of the campaign.
A great deal of rubbish was talked about the inhumanity of burning down
kraals, and accusations of shooting down women and children were not
unfrequently brought against the troops. Now most people in England do
not know that there are three distinct species of kraals. The king's or
royal kraals, the military kraals--i.e., the respective barracks or
official homes of the different corps--and, finally, the tribal and
domestic kraal, a sort of village of cabins, built together for
convenience and safety. Now, Lord Chelmsford and all his lieutenants
were too good soldiers to allow England's honour to be disgraced by
wanton cruelty or barbarous conduct even in fighting a barbarous enemy.
Military kraals, being the fortified depôts of the king's troops, their
mustering rendezvous and rallying-points, were attacked and destroyed
without compunction, as they represented the arsenals and strongholds of
the enemy. The king's royal kraals, on the other hand, were the places
where Cetywayo got together cattle, mealies, and other commissariat
supplies, wherewith to tempt or reward his warriors. These were
destroyed as a matter of course, as one would capture a convoy or
destroy a hostile magazine.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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