In religion there is complete toleration for all creeds, with this
exception: that those who dispute violently about religion or attempt
to use any other force than that of mild persuasion are punished for
breaking the public peace.
9
There is not the space to follow the life of the Utopians in all its
details. It is time to discuss the world of ideas by which these
Utopians chart their daily activities. This exposition of the basic
Utopian values has been so admirably put by Sir Thomas More himself
that the greater part of our conclusion will inevitably fall within
quotation marks.
The Utopians “define virtue thus: that it is a living according to
Nature, and think that we are made by God for that end; they believe
that a man then follows Nature when he pursues or avoids things
according to the direction of reason.... Reason directs us to keep
our minds as free from passion and as cheerful as we can, and that we
should consider ourselves bound by the ties of good-nature and humanity
to use our utmost endeavors to help forward the happiness of all other
persons; for there never was any man such a morose and severe pursuer
of virtue, such an enemy to pleasure, that though he set hard rules for
men to undergo much pain, many watchings and other rigors, yet did not
at the same time advise them to do all they could to relieve and ease
the miserable, and who did not represent gentleness and good nature as
amiable dispositions.... A life of pleasure is either a real evil, and
in that case we ought not to assist others in their pursuit of it, but,
on the contrary, to keep them from it all we can, as from that which is
most hurtful and deadly; or if it is a good thing, so that we not only
may but ought to help others to it, why then ought not a man to begin
with himself? Since no man can be more bound to look after the good of
another than after his own....
“Thus as they define Virtue to be living according to Nature, so they
imagine that Nature prompts all people to seek after pleasure, as the
end of all they do. They also observe that in order to further our
supporting the pleasures of life, Nature inclines us to enter into
society; for there is no man so much raised above the rest of mankind
as to be the only favorite of Nature, who, on the contrary, seems to
have placed on a level all those that belong to the same species.
Upon this they infer that no man ought to seek his own conveniences
so eagerly as to prejudice others; and therefore they think that all
agreements between private persons ought to be observed, but likewise
that all those laws ought to be kept, which either a good prince has
published in due form, to which a people that is neither oppressed with
tyranny nor circumvented by fraud, has consented, for distributing
these conveniences of life which afford us all our pleasures.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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