So it follows that “their artisans are almost entirely educated men.
For that which other people think is the proper characteristic of a few
(and yet if you consider the stuffing of inexperience by learning, the
characteristic of too many already) this, the inhabitants argue, should
be attained by all individuals. They say that neither the substance of
letters is such, nor yet the difficulty of work, that one man, if given
enough time, cannot master both.”
“Their work, or as they prefer to hear it called, ‘the employment of
their hands,’ is conducted in a certain prescribed way, and all things
are brought into a public booth. From here every workman receives out
of the stock on hand whatever is necessary for the work of the coming
week. For the whole city is, as it were, one single workshop, but of
all different sorts and crafts. The ones in charge of these duties
are stationed in the small towers at the corners of the wall; they
know ahead of time what is to be made, in what quantity, and of what
form, and they inform the mechanics of these items. If the supply of
material in the work booth is sufficient, the workmen are permitted to
indulge and give free play to their inventive genius. No one has any
money, nor is there any use for any private money; yet the republic has
its own treasury. And in this respect the inhabitants are especially
blessed, because no one can be superior to the other in the amount of
riches owned, since the advantage is rather one of power and genius,
and the highest respect that of morals and piety. They have very few
working hours, yet no less is accomplished than in other places, as it
is considered disgraceful by all that one should take more rest and
leisure time than is allowed.”
In addition to the special trades, there are “public duties to which
all citizens have obligation, such as watching, guarding, harvesting
of grain and wine, working roads, erecting buildings, draining ground;
also certain duties of assisting in the factories which are imposed
upon all in turn according to age and sex, but not very often nor for
a long time. For even though certain experienced men are put in charge
of all the duties, yet when men are asked for, no one refuses the state
his services and strength. For what we are in our homes, they are in
their city, which they not undeservedly think a home. And for this
reason it is no disgrace to perform any public function.... Hence all
work, even that which is considered rather irksome, is accomplished in
good time, and without much difficulty, since the promptness of the
great number of workmen permits them easily to collect or distribute
the great mass of things.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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