In this Christianopolis, as Mr. Bertrand Russell would put it, the
creative rather than the possessive impulses are uppermost. Work is the
main condition of existence, and this good community faces it. It is a
pretty contrast to the attitude of the leisured classes who, as Andreæ
says, with an entirely mistaken sense of delicacy shrink from touching
earth, water, stones, coal, and things of that sort, but think it grand
to have in their possession to delight them “horses, dogs, harlots and
other similar creatures.”
5
The place of commerce in this scheme of life is simple. It does not
exist for the sake of individual gain. Hence no one engages in commerce
on his own hook, for such matters are put in the hands of “those
selected to attend to them,” and the aim of commerce is not to gain
money but to increase the variety of things at the disposal of the
local community; so that--and again Andreæ steps in for emphasis--“we
may see the peculiar production of each land, and so communicate with
each other that we may seem to have the advantages of the universe in
one place, as it were.”
6
The constitution of the family in Christianopolis follows pretty
definitely upon the lines dictated by urban occupations; for Andreæ
is a city man, and since he does not despise the advantages city life
can give, he does not shrink from their consequences. One of these
consequences is, surely, the restriction of domesticity, or rather, the
projection in the city at large of the functions that in a farmstead
would be carried on within the bosom of the family.
When a lad is twenty-four and a lass is eighteen, they are permitted to
marry, with the benefit of Christian rites and services, and a decorous
avoidance of drunkenness and gluttony after the ceremony. Marriage is
a simple matter. There are no dowries to consider, no professional
anxieties to face, no housing shortage to keep one from finding a home,
and above all, perhaps, no landlord to propitiate with money, since
all houses are owned by the city and are granted and assigned to
individuals for their use. Virtue and beauty are the only qualities
that govern a marriage in Christianopolis. Furniture is provided with
the house out of the public store. If in Utopia the families are
grouped together in a patriarchal household, such as More himself
maintained at Chelsea, in Christianopolis they consist of isolated
couples, four, at most six people in all, a woman, a man, and such
children as are not yet of school age.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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