But we must not neglect to observe two significant passages. One of
them is the recognition of the part that invention might play in the
ideal commonwealth. The people of the City of the Sun have wagons that
are driven by the wind, and boats “which go over the waters without
rowers or the force of the wind, but by a marvelous contrivance.” There
is a very clear anticipation of the mechanical improvements which began
to multiply so rapidly in the eighteenth century. At the tale end of
the sea-captain’s recital, the Grand Master exclaims: “Oh, if you knew
what our astrologers say of the coming age, that has in it more history
within a hundred years than all the world had in four thousand years
before! Of the wonderful invention of printing and guns, and the use of
the magnet....” With the mechanical arts in full development, labor in
the City of the Sun has become dignified: it is not the custom to keep
slaves. Since everyone takes his part in the common work, there is not
more than four hours’ work to be done per day. “They are rich because
they want nothing; poor because they possess nothing; and consequently
they are not slaves to circumstances, but circumstances serve them.”
The other point upon which Campanella’s observation is remarkably keen
is his explanation of the relation of private property and the private
household to the commonwealth. Thus:
“They say that all private property is acquired and improved for the
reason that each one of us by himself has his own home and wife and
children. From this self-love springs. For when we raise a son to
riches and dignities, and leave an heir to much wealth, we become
either ready to grasp at the property of the state, if in any case
fear should be removed from the power which belongs to riches and
rank; or avaricious, crafty, and hypocritical, if any is of slender
purse, little strength, and mean ancestry. But when we have taken away
self-love, there remains only love for the state.”
How shall the common Utopia keep from being neglected through each
one’s concern for his little private utopia?
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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