Observe that Hertzka reckons with the fact that in an industrial
society, access to machinery is just as important as access to the
land, since, in a manner of speaking, all our modern activities,
even agriculture, are parasitic upon machinery. Hence the collection
and distribution of capital is managed in the interests of the whole
community; the first being taken care of by a yearly tax, which
obviates the need--and perhaps the possibility--of individual savings,
whilst the capital is distributed without interest to the companies
that make application for it. The community pays for the plant through
the added charge which is laid on consumers; the credit advanced is
cancelled out through production. This arrangement does away with the
standing charge for capital which is maintained under present day
production for profit even after the original capital has been paid
off in dividends; and above all, it does away with the practice of
capitalizing increased returns in such a way as to enlarge the amount
of the standing charge for capital. The social use of capital to
advance production, rather than to provide fixed incomes for a rentier
class, is recognized in Freeland.
Since our visitor is an engineer, he turns to a plant devoted to the
manufacture of railway equipment; and notes that it is run under the
following statutes.
1. Everyone is free to join the first Edendale Engine and Railway
Manufacturing Co., even if he also belongs to other companies. Everyone
is also permitted to leave the company whenever he chooses. The board
of management decides in what branch of the works the members shall be
employed.
2. Every member is entitled to an amount of the net proceeds of the
company corresponding to the quantity of work which is done.
3. The amount of work is calculated according to the number of hours,
to which two per cent. is added to that of the older members, and ten
per cent. to foremen, and ten per cent. for night work.
4. The engineers are paid as if working from ten to fifteen hours,
according to ability. The value of the manager is estimated in the
general assembly.
5. Out of the company’s profits a deduction is first made towards
repayment of capital, and after this the tax to the state is deducted.
The remainder is divided among members.
6. If the company is dissolved or liquidated, the members are
responsible in proportion to the amount of profit which they get
from revenues of the company, and this responsibility for the amount
which is still pledged is proportionately laid upon new members. When
a member leaves the company, his responsibility for debt which has
already been contracted is not extinguished. In case of dissolution,
liquidation, or sale, this responsibility corresponds to the claim of
the responsible member to the means of the company which are in hand,
or to his share in what is sold.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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