Of course, the work was an allegory, a double allegory, so to speak; for
besides having a general meaning to his story, he had a special one
which referred to living people, such as the Queen, Sir Philip Sidney,
Lord Grey, and so on. The whole poem, therefore, is rather complicated,
and in great contrast to the well-arranged plots which Chaucer had woven
into his stories. The general idea was that in a certain happy country
there reigned a great Queen Gloriana, around whose presence had gathered
a body of brave and fearless knights. The queen decided to hold a feast
for twelve days, and on each day an adventure was to be undertaken by
one of these knights for the purpose of righting some wrong, releasing
some captive, or succouring some oppressed person. Spenser purposed to
tell of these several adventures in twelve books, but only six were
finished. Now if in "The Faerie Queene" we attempt to unravel the very
knotted allegory, we shall soon get into difficulties, for Spenser’s
greatest gifts did not lie in his power of making a clear story, but in
his perfectly chosen language, his lofty thoughts, and the never-failing
music of his verse. So the wisest plan, I think, is to read the
romances for their own beauty without trying to find a hidden meaning in
every line, and even so, we shall everywhere discover rich gems.
It is strange that in spite of all the fame which "The Faerie Queene"
gave the poet, it brought him neither wealth nor even work, and he
"tourned back to his sheepe" in Ireland. He married, and poured out his
joy in an exquisite song called "Epithalamion." Besides this, he wrote
more books of his great work, many sonnets and hymns, and a treatise on
Ireland. He was made Sheriff of Cork, and altogether his worldly affairs
prospered; for Burleigh was dead, and it was Burleigh who had always
checked the Queen’s generosity towards him, "saying a song needed not
such liberal payment." Suddenly a fresh and violent rebellion broke out
in Ireland. Spenser’s castle was attacked and set on fire; his little
child was burned to death; and all his valued possessions were
destroyed. He came back to London with his wife, homeless, penniless,
broken-hearted. Over the next few months a veil is drawn; how it came
to pass that his many friends and admirers knew nothing of his
sufferings, or knowing did not raise a hand to help him, remains a
mystery. This is certain, that he died of grief and for lack of bread
in a street near Westminster. After his death, indeed, his friends came
to the fore once more. The Earl of Essex paid all the expenses of his
funeral, which took place in the Abbey. Poets and writers flocked to
his grave-side, throwing on to his coffin their songs of woe. We may
take it for granted that Shakespeare was among the mourners, and with
him were all the brightest spirits of the day. Truly the broken-hearted
poet was well honoured on that last event of his life. At some period
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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