[372] I have no doubt that these “Pedras” are identical with the “Pedras de Nkoshi,” or “lion rocks,” now occupied by the Presidio of Encoge. [373] Cavazzi, p. 287. [374] Published by Paiva Manso, pp. 350-355. [375] Pedro Mendes, however, only gives the names of ten Kings. If we add to these Alvaro VII, D. Rafael, and Alvaro IX, mentioned by others, we make up the number to thirteen. See Appendix III for a list and classification of these Kings. [376] Cadornega says Affonso III. [377] He had some correspondence with the Pope in 1673 and 1677. [378] Paiva Manso, p. 254. [379] See Eucher, _Le Congo_, p. 176. Subsequently the Capuchins returned to Sonyo (Merollo in 1683, Zucchelli in 1703). [380] Dionigi Carli paid a visit to these: see his _Viaggio_, Reggio, 1672. [381] See Merolla’s _Relatione del Regno di Congo_, Naples, 1692; and Zucchelli’s _Viaggi_, Venice, 1712. [382] His captain-general, D. Pedro Constantino, managed to get himself elected king, but was taken prisoner and beheaded at S. Salvador in 1709. [383] It was not unusual to make a charge for the administration of the sacraments. In 1653, the parochial priests complained that the Capuchin friars administered the sacraments without claiming an “acknowledgment;” and the authorities at Rome (1653) prohibited their doing so within five leagues of the capital (Paiva Manso, p. 233). At Mbamba, the priest had a regular scale of prices. A baptism cost 7,000 cowries, for a marriage a slave was expected, and so forth; and thus, adds the Bishop of Angola (1722): “little children go to limbo, and grown-up people to hell!” [384] _Western Africa_, London, 1856, p. 329. [385] _Boletim_, Lisbon Geogr. Society, March 1889. [386] In 1709, the Holy Office declared the slave-trade in Africa illicit. Only those persons were to be looked upon as slaves who were born such; who had been captured in a just war; who had sold themselves for money (a usual practice in Africa); or who had been adjudged slaves by a just sentence. [387] _Alguns Documentos_, p. 107. [388] For the instructions given to Pacheco, see _Alguns Documentos_, p. 436. [389] Paiva Manso, p. 55. [390] Kiluanji, nzundu, and ndambi, which are given as names of kings, are in reality only titles assumed by them.—Capello and Ivens, _Benguella to the Iacca_, vol. ii, p. 53. Tumba-ndala (according to Héli Chatelain) was another of these ancient royal titles. [391] Capello and Ivens, _ib._, vol. ii, p. 59. His proper name is Kalunga (_i.e._, Excellency) ndombo akambo. [392] _Kabâsa_, according to Cordeiro da Matta’s _Diccionario_, simply means “capital;” but J. V. Carneiro (_An. do cons. ultram._, vol. ii, p. 172, 1861) would have us distinguish between a Mbanza ia Kabasa and a Mbanza ia Kakulu; the former meaning “second,” the latter “first,” capital. This “first” or original capital of the kings of Ndongo was undoubtedly in the locality of Queen Nzinga’s kabasa; the second capital was at Pungu a ndongo.