[32] Cooper, _American Politics_, bk. i, 169-70. The President's action caused much dissatisfaction, Davis and Wade publishing a protest which impugned Lincoln's motives, declaring that he had committed an outrage on American legislation. See Johnson, in _Lalor_, iii. 5 and 6; Cox, _Three Decades_, etc., 341. [33] _Senate Journal_, 2d Session, 38th Congress, Feb. 8. Blaine (_Twenty Years of Congress_, ii, 46) explains that this joint resolution was intended as a rebuke to the President by the refusal of Congress to accept the proclamation of December 8, 1863, as a basis for the restoration of the States fulfilling its requirements. He then points out how Lincoln, with his usual tact, overthrows what triumph may have accrued to the leaders of the opposition by explaining that he "signed the joint resolution in deference to the view of Congress implied in its passage and presentation." His (Lincoln's) own opinion was that as a matter of course Congress had complete power to accept or reject electoral votes, and that the Executive had no right to interpose with a veto, whatever his own opinions might be. Blaine says that "his triumph was complete, both in the estimation of Congress and of the people." [34] See Cox, _Three Decades of Federal Legislation_, 123; Johnston, in _Lalor_, iii, 54; Wilson (Woodrow), _Division and Reunion_, 261-2. [35] _Senate Journal_, 2d Session, 37th Congress, pp. 194-6. [36] The inconsistency in declaring a State to be extinct, and at the same time acknowledging the obligation to guarantee to it a republican form of government, is due to careless phraseology. Obviously Sumner uses the word "State," in these resolutions, where he means state governments. [37] _Congressional Globe_, 1st Session, 38th Congress, part ii, p. 2041. See also his remarks on the Confiscation bill. Cox's _Three Decades of Federal Legislation_, pp. 365-374, contains a chapter on the policy of Stevens. [38] See Wilson, _Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America_, iii, 531-541. [39] McPherson, _Reconstruction_, pp. 44 f. Cf. Wilson, _Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America_, iii, 592. [40] McPherson, pp. 46-7. [41] McPherson, 44 ff; Moore, _Life and Speeches of Andrew Johnson_, 481 ff. [42] McPherson, p. 47. [43] McPherson, pp. 47-8. [44] See Gillett, _Democ. in the U. S._, pp. 333-337, for a discussion of Johnson's policy and mistakes from the Democratic standpoint.