'Nascetur pulchra Troianus origine Caesar, imperium Oceano, famam qui terminet astris, Iulius, a magno demissum nomen Iulo.' So vi. 789 _sqq._ 2. The idea of empire: cf. i. 33, 'Tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem'; and of Rome as the conqueror and civilizer of the world: vi. 851, 'Tu regere imperio populos, Romane, memento: hae tibi erunt artes, pacisque imponere morem, parcere subiectis et debellare superbos.' 3. The unity of Italy with Rome is seen in Aeneas and Turnus, representing respectively the _pietas_ and the martial courage of a past age. This is brought out also by the introduction of local names. Cf. vii. 682-5, 710-7, 797-802. 4. Virgil shows here and there contempt for pure democracy: vi. 815, 'iactantior Ancus nunc quoque iam nimium gaudens popularibus auris.' Cf. also i. 148-9. _Authors influenced by Virgil._--Livy, Tacitus, Ovid, Tibullus, Propertius, Manilius, Lucan, Silius Italicus, Statius, Valerius Flaccus, Martial, Juvenal, the author of _Aetna_. See under each. HORACE. (1) LIFE. Our chief source of information about Horace is his own works, and some important details are added in a life of him by Suetonius. Horace's full name is Quintus (_Sat._ ii. 6, 37) Horatius (_Od._ iv. 6, 44) Flaccus (_Sat._ ii. 1, 18). He was born 8th December, B.C. 65, at Venusia in Apulia, on the frontier of Lucania. Sueton. _vit. Hor._, 'Natus est vi. Id. Decembr. L. Cotta et L. Torquato coss.' _Ep._ i. 20, 26-8, 'Forte meum siquis te percontabitur aevum, me quater undenos sciat inplevisse Decembris collegam Lepidum quo duxit Lollius anno.' _Sat._ i. 1, 34, 'Lucanus an Appulus anceps: nam Venusinus arat finem sub utrumque colonus.' There are a great many references to Apulia in Horace. So _Od._ iii. 4, 9 _sqq._, 'Me fabulosae Volture in Appulo nutricis extra limina Pulliae' (his nurse's name), etc. All Roman virtues are attributed to the Apulians, as in _Od._ i. 22, 13; iii. 5, 9; _Epod._ ii. 39-42. Horace, though free-born (_Sat._ i. 6, 7) was the son of a freedman, who was by profession a collector of debts, or, according to others, a fishmonger. To this last story Horace probably refers with proud humility in _Ep._ ii. 2, 60, 'Bioneis sermonibus et sale nigro.' Sueton. _vit. Hor._, 'Patre, ut ipse tradit, libertino et auctionum coactore, ut vero creditum est, salsamentario.' _Sat._ i. 6, 6, 'Ut me libertino patre natum'; _ibid._ 85, 'Nec timuit, sibi ne vitio quis verteret olim, si praeco parvas aut, ut fuit ipse, coactor mercedes sequerer.' Stories of his childhood are given, _Od._ iii. 4, 9 _sqq._; _Sat._ i. 9, 29 _sqq._; _Sat._ ii. 2, 112 _sqq._ Horace speaks highly of his father, who took him from the village school to Rome for his education. After speaking of his own freedom from vice he says (_Sat._ i. 6, 71 _sqq._),