The Student's Elements of GeologyLyell, Charles, Sir
Science
The Student's Elements of Geology
Lyell, Charles, Sir
Geology
The Coralline Crag rarely, if ever, attains a thickness of thirty feet
in any one section. Mr. Prestwich imagines that if the beds found at
different localities were united in the probable order of their
succession, they might exceed eighty feet in thickness, but Mr. Searles
Wood does not believe in the possibility of establishing such a
chronological succession by aid of the organic remains, and questions
whether proof could be obtained of more than forty feet. I was unable
to come to any satisfactory opinion on the subject, although at Orford,
especially at Gedgrave, in the neighbourhood of that place, I saw many
sections in pits, where this crag is cut through. These pits are so
unconnected, and of such limited extent, that no continuous section of
any length can be obtained, so that speculations as to the thickness of
the whole deposit must be very vague. At the base of the formation at
Sutton a bed of phosphatic nodules, very similar to that before alluded
to in the Red Crag, with remains of mammalia, has been met with.
Fig. 126: Section near Woodbridge, in Suffolk.
Whenever the Red and Coralline Crag occur in the same district, the Red
Crag lies uppermost; and in some cases, as in the section represented
in Fig. 126, which I had an opportunity of seeing exposed to view in
1839, it is clear that the older deposit, or Coralline Crag, _b_, had
suffered denudation, before the newer formation, _a_, was thrown down
upon it. At D there was not only seen a distinct cliff, eight or ten
feet high, of Coralline Crag, running in a direction N.E. and S.W.,
against which the Red Crag abuts with its horizontal layers, but this
cliff occasionally overhangs. The rock composing it is drilled
everywhere by _ Pholades_, the holes which they perforated having been
afterwards filled with sand, and covered over when the newer beds were
thrown down. The older formation is shown by its fossils to have
accumulated in a deeper sea, and contains none of those littoral forms
such as the limpet, _Patella_, found in the Red Crag. So great an
amount of denudation could scarcely take place, in such incoherent
materials, without some of the fossils of the inferior beds becoming
mixed up with the overlying crag, so that considerable difficulty must
be occasionally experienced by the palæontologist in deciding which
species belong severally to each group.
Fig. 127: Fascicularia aurantium, from the inferior or Coralline Crag,
Suffolk. Fig. 128: Astarte Omalii, species common to Upper and Lower
Crag.
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