The Student's Elements of GeologyLyell, Charles, Sir
Science
The Student's Elements of Geology
Lyell, Charles, Sir
Geology
Many of the marine shells of the brackish-water beds of the above
series, both in the Isle of Wight and Hordwell Cliff, are common to the
underlying Barton Clay: and, on the other hand, there are some
fresh-water shells, such as _Cyrena obovata,_ which are common to the
Bembridge beds, notwithstanding the intervention of the St. Helen’s
series. The white and green marls of the Headon series, and some of the
accompanying limestones, often resemble the Eocene strata of France in
mineral character and colour in so striking a manner as to suggest the
idea that the sediment was derived from the same region or produced
contemporaneously under very similar geographical circumstances.
At Brockenhurst, near Lyndhurst, in the New Forest, marine strata have
recently been found containing fifty-nine shells, of which many have
been described by Mr. Edwards. These beds rest on the Lower Headon, and
are considered as the equivalent of the middle part of the Headon
series, many of the shells being common to the brackish-water or Middle
Headon beds of Colwell and Whitecliff Bays, such as _Cancellaria
muricata,_ Sowerby, _ Fusus labiatus,_ Sowerby, etc. In these beds at
Brockenhurst, corals, ably described by Dr. Duncan, have recently been
found in abundance and perfection; see Fig. 180, _Solenastræa
cellulosa._
Fig. 180: Solenastræa cellulosa.
Baron von Könen[1] has pointed out that no less than forty-six out of
the fifty-nine Brockenhurst shells, or a proportion of 78 per cent,
agree with species occurring in Dumont’s Lower Tongrian formation in
Belgium. This being the case, we might fairly expect that if we had a
marine equivalent of the Bembridge series or of the contemporaneous
Paris gypsum, we should find it to contain a still greater number of
shells common to the Tongrian beds of Belgium, but the exact
correlation of these fresh-water groups of France, Belgium, and Britain
has not yet been fully made out. It is possible that the Tongrian of
Dumont may be newer than the Bembridge series, and therefore referable
to the Lower Miocene. If ever the whole series should be complete, we
must be prepared to find the marine equivalent of the Bembridge beds,
or the uppermost Eocene, passing by imperceptible shades into the
inferior beds of the overlying Miocene strata.
Among the fossils found in the Middle Headon are _Cytherea incrassata_
and _Cerithium plicatum_ (Fig. 160). These shells, especially the
latter, are very characteristic of the Lower Miocene, and their
occurrence in the Headon series has been cited as an objection to the
line proposed to be drawn between Miocene and Eocene. But if we were to
attach importance to such occasional passages, we should soon find that
no lines of division could be drawn anywhere, for in the present state
of our knowledge of the Tertiary series there will always be species
common to beds above and below our boundary-lines.
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