The Student's Elements of GeologyLyell, Charles, Sir
Science
The Student's Elements of Geology
Lyell, Charles, Sir
Geology
As neither in Germany nor in England had any bones or teeth been met
with in the same identical strata as the footsteps, anatomists
indulged, for several years, in various conjectures respecting the
mysterious animals from which they might have been derived. Professor
Kaup suggested that the unknown quadruped might have been allied to the
_Marsupialia_; for in the kangaroo the first toe of the fore foot is in
a similar manner set obliquely to the others, like a thumb, and the
disproportion between the fore and hind feet is also very great. But M.
Link conceived that some of the four species of animals of which the
tracks had been found in Saxony might have been gigantic _Batrachians,_
and when it was afterwards inferred that the Labyrinthodon was an
air-breathing reptile, it was conjectured by Professor Owen that it
might be one and the same as the Cheirotherium.
Dolomitic Conglomerate of Bristol.—Near Bristol, in Somersetshire, and
in other counties bordering the Severn, the lowest strata belonging to
the Triassic series consist of a conglomerate or breccia resting
unconformably upon the Old Red Sandstone, and on different members of
the Carboniferous rocks, such as the Coal Measures, Millstone Grit, and
Mountain Limestone. This mode of superposition will be understood by
reference to the section below Dundry Hill (Fig. 85), where No. 4 is
the dolomitic conglomerate. Such breccias may have been partly the
result of the subÆrial waste of an old land-surface which gradually
sank down and suffered littoral denudation in proportion as it became
submerged. The pebbles and fragments of older rocks which constitute
the conglomerate are cemented together by a red or yellow base of
dolomite, and in some places the encrinites and other fossils derived
from the Mountain Limestone are so detached from the parent rocks that
they have the deceptive appearance of belonging to a fauna
contemporaneous with the dolomitic beds in which they occur. The
imbedded fragments are both rounded and angular, some consisting of
sandstone from the coal-measures, being of vast size, and weighing
nearly a ton. Fractured bones and teeth of saurians which are truly of
contemporaneous origin are dispersed through some parts of the breccia,
and two of these reptiles called Thecodont saurians, named from the
manner in which the teeth were implanted in the jawbone, obtained great
celebrity because the patches of red conglomerate in which they were
found, near Bristol, were originally supposed to be of Permian or
Palæozoic age, and therefore the only representatives in England of
vertebrate animals of so high a grade in rocks of such antiquity. The
teeth of these saurians are conical, compressed, and with finely
serrated edges (see Fig. 396); they are referred by Professor Huxley to
the Dinosaurian order.
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