6. Study very particularly flowers in relation to their insect visitors. For this it is better to remain a long time in one place, so that it is not so good for a general excursion, but is splendid if you can get off for an early excursion by yourself, or with one or two companions. 7. Make collections and lists of all climbing plants, noting by what means they climb. 8. Keep a list for the whole year of the colours of the flowers as they come out, noting in general which are the most characteristic for the different seasons. 9. Collect fruits, and arrange them according to the way they scatter the seeds. 10. When the leaves are falling, notice where they break away, and what form of scars they leave. In the case of compound leaves, whether they fall off whole or in parts. 11. Collect series of plants which are growing together in different places, e.g., those in a woodland glade, those at the edge of a pond, those on a sandy hill, and so on. Dry them by pressure between sheets of paper, and mount them, noting how their forms correspond to their surroundings. 12. Go to the same spot in a wood in spring, summer, autumn, and winter; make notes and drawings of what you see each time. In the spring there will be a carpet of flowers under the bare trees, note what happens in the summer, and later on. * * * * * These suggestions are only a beginning, and special problems will arise of their own accord in connection with the work you are doing, till you find that the real excursion becomes the most interesting and important part of your work. If we go to the plants themselves and ask them to teach us, they will never fail to give us the chance of learning lessons of ever-increasing interest. INDEX ~The roman numbers refer to the pages, and italicised numbers to the figures~ A Absorption by roots, 33, ~21~, ~22~ Adventitious roots, 56, ~40~, 57, ~41~ Alcohol, 24 Algæ, 141 Algæ in ditches, 151 Algæ in the sea, 143, ~134~, 173 Ampelopsis, 108, ~105~ Animals eaten by plants, 114 Animals, life of, 3, 7 Anther, 80, 81 Assimilation (~see~ Food building) Associations of plants, 152, 189 Axil of leaf, 75, ~66~ B Bacteria, 144 Bean seeds, 8, ~3~, 9, ~4~ Bean seedlings, 10, ~6~, 11, ~7~ Bean seedlings grown in dark, 38, ~27~ Bean seedlings, growth of, 41, ~28~ Beech leaf, 65 Bees and flowers, 119 Bidens, fruits of, 90, ~87~ Bilberry, 154 Bladderwort, 116, ~113~, ~114~ Bladderwrack, 144, ~135~, 173, ~Pl. VII.~ Bog-land, 156 Bracken fern, 133, ~Pl. I.~ Bramble, 63, ~49~ Bread, starch in, 11 Breathing of animals, 6, ~2~ Breathing of plants, 5, ~1~, 96 Breathing pores, 96, ~96~ Broom, 62 Broomrape, 113, ~109~ Buds, 72 Buds of fern, 134, ~127~ Buds of horse chestnut, 72, ~62~, ~63~ Buds, overlapping scales of, 73, ~63~, ~64~ Bud scales, 74, ~65~ Bud scars, 75, ~66~ Buds of sycamore, 75, ~66~