=The localizing symptoms of traumatic epilepsy.= When the cause of the trouble is situated over the motor area--the pre-Rolandic cortical strip--the fits should commence by twitchings of the fingers, toes, corners of the mouth, &c., according to the site of the lesion. The fits are seldom preceded by any sensory auræ, though occasionally such may be the case, for even at the present day some doubt exists as to whether the precentral area should be regarded as purely motor or sensori-motor. In other cases, the patient, without being able to state definitely his sensations previous to the onset of the fit, may be able to foretell its immediate development, and still more rarely he may be capable of aborting the fit or diminishing its intensity by grasping firmly or massaging the region of the body in which the fit first develops. When Broca’s motor speech-area is primarily involved, the fits are preceded by difficulty in phonation, mumbling of words and incoherence, grinding of the teeth, &c., the fits then rapidly spreading to the parts responsible for the movements of the muscles of face and upper extremity. When the fits arise from a post-central source of irritation, they are usually preceded by well-marked sensory auræ--tinglings, burning and painful sensations--again according to the region affected. When preceded by sensations of taste and smell, the lesion is probably situated over the anterior part of the temporo-sphenoidal lobe. When by visual impressions--flashes of light, &c.--the lesion is probably situated over the occipital lobe of the brain. =Pathology.= The pathological conditions responsible for the development of fits are various, resolving themselves, when fully investigated, into two main groups: those associated with meningeal changes only, and those accompanied by definite cortical scarring and tract degeneration. In the event of osseous deficiency the scalp is usually more or less adherent to underlying structures, and the gap in the skull filled with dense fibrous tissue, which is itself adherent to the membranes of the brain and perhaps to the brain itself. In the absence of osseous deficiency, the cerebral irritation is usually dependent on depressed fragments of bone, on subdural hæmatomata and cysts, and on meningeal thickening. In the event of cerebral degenerative changes it may be presumed, whether there is a deficiency in the bone or not, that considerable matting of meninges and cortex is existent with pyramidal degeneration.