----------------------+------------------------+---------------------- _Cephaloceles | _Dermoids._ | _Cephalhæmatomata._ (congenital)._ | | ----------------------+------------------------+---------------------- Present at birth. |Present at birth. |Usually appears | |after birth. | | In middle line, |In middle line, |Always to one side of especially over |especially over anterior|the middle line, and occiput and base of |fontanelle. |usually over the nose. | |parietal bone. | | Firm or fluctuating. |Firm. |Fluctuation over | |central part only. | | Perhaps translucent. |Not translucent. |Not translucent. | | Perhaps pulsates. |Does not pulsate. |Does not pulsate. | | Perhaps reducible, in |Irreducible. |Very slightly, if at whole or in part. | |all. | | Perhaps swells up |No alteration. |Very slightly, if at on straining. | |all. | | Perhaps associated |No cerebral symptoms. |No cerebral symptoms. with cerebral | | symptoms. | | | | Gap in skull felt. |Depression in bone |Deceptive raised |common, actual gap |margin, no actual |comparatively rare. |central depression. ----------------------+------------------------+---------------------- HYDROCEPHALUS The conditions that lead up to internal hydrocephalus are classified by Parkes Weber[13] in the following manner:-- 1. ‘Cases secondary to and part of the phenomena of tuberculous or any suppurative meningitis, comparable to pleural effusions due to tuberculous or any septic invasions of the pleura. 2. Cases resulting from the presence of tumours, &c., analogous to the pleuritic effusions accompanying tumours, &c., situated close to or involving the pleura. 3. Ordinary infantile or congenital hydrocephalus, which is, in some cases at least, due to intra-uterine meningitis. 4. Internal hydrocephalus supervening on the epidemic or sporadic type of posterior basic non-suppurative meningitis. 6. Simple idiopathic internal hydrocephalus of adults or older children due to serous ependymitis or ventricular meningitis. 7. Traumatic cases.’