[73] Guthuron’s lane, now Gutter lane, leading out of Cheapside, was a small lane, formerly tenanted by goldsmiths; the person who gave his name to the lane, was evidently of Saxon or Danish origin. [74] That is, seventeen pence halfpenny farthing to be alloy. [75] By the terms _force_ and _deble_, it is presumed the maximum and minimum weights are intended. [76] Thomas Walsingham. [77] Philip Comines. [78] Patent, 1st of Henry VII. [79] W. Dunthorne. [80] Fitzstephen, Gerv. Tilbury. [81] “Virginitie defended with the losse of worldly goods, and life of the bodie, for life of the soule.”--_Stow._ [82] Liber Dunmow. [83] Stow in his first edition says, “there practised for the crown ...;” and the admirable scene in _Richard the Third_ (act III., sc. 7), in which Gloucester is by Buckingham, the mayor, and citizens of London, “enforced to a world of cares,” is laid by Shakspeare with great historic truth in “the court of Baynard’s castle.” [84] It was destroyed in the Great Fire, before which time it had become the residences of the Earls of Shrewsbury. [85] Vita Arkenwald. [86] Liber Burton, super Trent. [87] Liber Sanct. Mariæ Eborum. [88] Armenia. Ermony, from the Old French “Ermenie.” See Roquefort’s _Glossaire_, s. v. Chaucer, too, in his _Monke’s Tale_, line 14,343, etc., says:-- “Ne dorste never be so corageous Ne non _Ermin_, ne non Egiptien, Ne Surrien, ne non Arabien.” OF SCHOOLS AND OTHER HOUSES OF LEARNING “In the reign of King Stephen and of Henry II.,” saith Fitzstephen, “there were in London three principal churches, which had famous schools, either by privilege and ancient dignity, or by favour of some particular persons, as of doctors which were accounted notable and renowned for knowledge in philosophy. And there were other inferior schools also. Upon festival days the masters made solemn meetings in the churches, where their scholars disputed logically and demonstratively; some bringing enthimems, other perfect syllogisms; some disputed for shew, other to trace out the truth; cunning sophisters were thought brave scholars when they flowed with words; others used fallacies; rhetoricians spake aptly to persuade, observing the precepts of art, and omitting nothing that might serve their purpose: the boys of diverse schools did cap or pot verses, and contended of the principles of grammar; there were some which on the other side with epigrams and rymes, nipping and quipping their fellowes, and the faults of others, though suppressing their names, moved thereby much laughter among their auditors.” Hitherto Fitzstephen, for schools and scholars, and for their exercises in the city in his days; sithence the which time, as to me it seemeth, by the increase of colleges and students in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the frequenting of schools, and exercises of scholars in the city, as had been accustomed, hath much decreased.