The Swastika, the Earliest Known Symbol, and Its Migration: With Observations on the Migration of Certain Industries in Prehistoric TimesWilson, Thomas
Religion
The Swastika, the Earliest Known Symbol, and Its Migration: With Observations on the Migration of Certain Industries in Prehistoric Times
Wilson, Thomas
Industries, Primitive; Swastikas; Symbolism
While Swastika technically means the cross with the arms bent to the
right, later on it came to signify anything which had the form of a
cross; for instance, the posture in which a persons sits with his legs
crossed is called the Swastika posture;[251] also when a person keeps
his arms crosswise over his chest, or a woman covers her breast with
her arms crossed, that particular attitude, is called the Swastika
attitude, which has no connection, however, with the symbolic meaning
of the Swastika with four arms. The figure [pl. 10], a photograph of
which you gave me the other day, has the same Swastika posture. In
matters of concentration and meditation, Swastika posture is
oftentimes prescribed, which is also called Sukhasana, meaning a
posture of ease and comfort. In higher forms of concentration, the
posture is changed from Sukhasana to Padmasana, the posture which is
generally found in Jain and Buddhist images. The band around the
waist, which goes from the navel lower on till it reaches the back
part, has a peculiar significance in the Jain philosophy. The
Shvetamber division of the Jain community have always this kind of
band in their images. The object is twofold: The first is that the
generative parts ought not to be visible; the second is that this band
is considered a symbol of perfect chastity.
There can be no doubt of the authenticity of these objects, nor any
suspicion against their having been found as stated in the labels
attached. They are in the Museum collection, as are other specimens. They
come unheralded and with their peculiar character unknown. They were
obtained by excavations made by a competent and reliable investigator who
had been engaged in mound exploration, a regular employé of the Bureau of
Ethnology, under the direction of Prof. Cyrus Thomas during several
years, and always of good reputation and unblemished integrity. They come
with other objects, labeled in the same way and forming one of a series of
numbers among thousands. Its resemblance to Buddhist statues was
apparently undiscovered or unrecognized, at least unmentioned, by all
those having charge of it, and in its mutilated condition it was laid away
among a score of other specimens of insufficient value to justify notice
or publication, and is now brought to light through accident, no one
having charge of it recognizing it as being different from any other of
the half hundred engraved shells theretofore described. The excavation of
Toco mound is described by Professor Thomas in the Twelfth Annual Report
of the Bureau of Ethnology, pages 379-384.
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