An interesting example of rock sculpturing in groups is in Owens Valley, south of Benton, Cal. Among them are various forms of crosses, and circles containing crosses of simple and complex types. The most interesting in this connection are the groups in fig. 324, _a_ and _b_. The larger one, _a_, occurs upon a large bowlder of tracite 16 miles south of Benton, at the "Chalk grave." The circle is a depression about one inch in depth, the cross being in high relief. The small cross _b_, found three miles north from this is almost identical, the arms of the cross, however, extending to the rim of the circle. In this locality occurs also the cross, _c_, same figure, and some examples having more than two cross arms. [Illustration: Fig. 325. CROSS IN ZIGZAG LINES REPRESENTING THE HUMAN FORM. Navajo Indians.] _Human forms._--Other simple crosses represent the human form. Some of these are engraved or cut on the rocks of Owens Valley and are similar to those above described (fig. 324), but they have been eroded, so that beyond the mere cross they show slight relation to the human body (fig. 324, _d_, _e_, _f_). Col. James Stevenson, describing the Hasjelti ceremony of the Navajoes,[288] shows the form of a man drawn in the sand (fig. 325). Describing the character shown in fig. 326, Keam says: "The figure represents a woman. The breath is displayed in the interior."[289] [Illustration: Fig. 326. MALTESE CROSS(?) REPRESENTING A WOMAN. The figure in the center is intended to indicate the breath.] [Illustration: Fig. 327. MALTESE AND SAINT ANDREW'S CROSSES. Emblems of maidenhood. Moki Indians.] _Maidenhood._--Concerning fig. 327 Keam, in his manuscript, says the Maltese cross was the emblem of a virgin, and is still so recognized by the Moki. It is a conventional development of the common emblem of maidenhood, wherein the maidens wear their hair arranged as in a disk three or four inches in diameter on each side of the head (fig. 327_b_). This discoidal arrangement of the hair is typical of the emblem of fructification worn by the virgin in the Muingwa festival. Sometimes the hair, instead of being worn in the complete discoidal form, is dressed upon two curving twigs, and presents the form of two semicircles upon each side of the head. The partition of these is sometimes horizontal, sometimes vertical. The combination of these styles (fig. 327 _a_ and _b_) present the forms from which the Maltese cross was conventionalized.[290] [Illustration: Fig. 328. CROSS WITH BIFURCATED FOOT. Used by the Innuits to represent a shaman or evil spirit.] _Shaman's spirit._--Among the Kiatéxamut and Innuit tribes, a cross placed on the head, as in fig. 328, signified a shaman's evil spirit or demon. This is an imaginary being under the control of the shaman to execute his wishes.[291]