The Swedes on the Delaware, 1638-1664Johnson, Amandus
History
The Swedes on the Delaware, 1638-1664
Johnson, Amandus
Delaware River Valley (N.Y.-Del. and N.J.) -- History; New Sweden -- History; Swedes -- United States
On June 10, Rising writes in his journal: “This and the following
[days] we settled the people who were well [enough] to cultivate the
land.” These colonists were supported by the company, until they
could make a start, and were given cows on rental for half of the
offspring and eighteen pounds of butter yearly. Several donations of
land had been made to officers in New Sweden, but as some of these
tracts had been cultivated for years, the freemen who owned them were
greatly displeased. Several of the old settlers desired to sell their
homesteads in Order to occupy “new lands, encouraged thereto by the
privileges given by Her Royal Majesty ... [to private settlers]; but
none of the new-comers had means to redeem them.” A few cultivated
farms were purchased for the company, and in the summer and autumn
tenure of land was given to freemen at Upland, Printztorp and on the
Schuylkill. Servants were also assigned to the estate of Printz at
Tinicum Island “to guard the hall against the savages ..., and to do
all that was necessary for the fields and meadows, besides whatever
else might be required.”
The majority of the new settlers were assigned places between Christina
and Fort Trinity along the shores of the Delaware. A few were located
upwards along the banks of Christina River “in order to protect the
colony against Virginia,” and to lay the foundations for a “commercial
road” from the Swedish settlement to the Elk River and the Chesapeake.
Several new appointments were made in the summer. The gunner Johan
Stålkofta was commissioned to “prepare material and planks for the
buildings, that were to be erected from time to time”; the corporal
Anders Olofsson to superintend the agriculture of the colony, and the
ensign Peter Hansson Wendel to manage the plantation and the clearing
of the land. No special wages accompanied these offices. “There was
some dislike against the arrangement among the people,” says Rising,
“but for what reason could not be ascertained.”
Mindful of the other paragraphs of his instructions Director Rising
selected “suitable places where villages ... as well as towns and
trading places could be established.” Lindeström was ordered “to divide
the fields [north of and next unto Christina] into lots.” The town
proper was laid out into a rectangular plot (broken by the encroachment
of the low lands) with square blocks and with streets running
parallel and at right angles to each other--antidating William Penn’s
Philadelphia plan about thirty years. A map of the fort and the town
plan were finished by Engineer Lindeström on July 8, and sent to Sweden
with the _Örn_.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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