The Swedes on the Delaware, 1638-1664Johnson, Amandus
History
The Swedes on the Delaware, 1638-1664
Johnson, Amandus
Delaware River Valley (N.Y.-Del. and N.J.) -- History; New Sweden -- History; Swedes -- United States
The country was not an entire wilderness, when the Swedes arrived. The
Delaware Indians, being largely agricultural, had cleared big tracts
near their villages on which they planted corn. In 1654 Lindeström
wrote that the savages had cultivated their corn fields at Trenton
Falls until the soil was too poor to yield good crops. Quantities of
corn were also planted by the natives near the Schuylkill, at the
Horn Kill and other places. The settlers adopted many practices from
the savages; and Indian corn often proved a valuable article for the
sustenance of the colonists, who early learnt to cultivate and use it.
“Two barrels of wheat and two barrels of seed corn” and perhaps other
grains had been taken over on the ships, and when the proper time came
plots of ground were prepared around the fort and on the mainland,
which were sown and planted with Indian corn.
When the storehouse was ready, provisions were taken from the ships and
quantities of fish, deer, turkeys, geese “and all sorts of suchlike
provisions” were laid up. Måns Kling was given command of the fort with
its garrison of twenty-three men, and Henrick Huygen was left in charge
of the merchandise and provisions.
When Minuit had provided for the maintenance and safety of the garrison
and the fort, he began to prepare for his return voyage. He made a
map of the river and sketches of the fort, and drafted a report to
the government. In due time the skins purchased from the Indians
and the cargo intended for the tobacco trade were loaded into the
_Kalmar Nyckel_, and about June 15 the director left his little
settlement. Huygen continued the Indian trade after Minuit’s departure,
and exchanged a large number of skins and a quantity of corn for
merchandise and _sewant_ in the autumn and spring of 1638 and
1639. At this time English and Dutch merchants from the north began
to trade with the Swedes. They offered all kinds of supplies to the
settlers, but always asked very high prices. Commercial relations were
also established with the English of Virginia and Maryland.
During the late spring and early summer the _Grip_ cruised about
in West Indian waters, searching Spanish prizes. In June the ship was
at St. Christopher, sometime later “she spied the Spanish silver fleet
together with one Peter van Bruggen”, and went to inform Admiral Jol
about it (while Van Bruggen watched the course of the Spaniards). Later
she went to Havana and from there to the South River, arriving at Fort
Christina early in 1639. Nothing more is known about this expedition.
Years afterwards the skipper was accused of reaping all the benefits
from the cruise, and a negro slave seems to have been the only addition
it made to the colony’s wealth. On April 10 the _Grip_ was ready
to set out for Europe with its cargo of furs, but contrary winds
delayed the departure until the end of the month.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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