The Swedes on the Delaware, 1638-1664Johnson, Amandus
History
The Swedes on the Delaware, 1638-1664
Johnson, Amandus
Delaware River Valley (N.Y.-Del. and N.J.) -- History; New Sweden -- History; Swedes -- United States
The English were finally set free, presumably on the promise that they
would appear at the court of inquiry to be held in Fort Christina
within a few days. The court was called on July 10, 1643, and was made
up of English, Swedish and Dutch commissaries. The subject of inquiry
embraced three main paragraphs: 1. Lamberton’s title to the Schuylkill
(being most important); 2. the English title to Varkens Kill; 3. the
accusations against Lamberton personally. After lengthy examinations
and the hearing of witnesses, the court handed down its decision.
In the first place the court found that “four approved witnesses,
on oath and by relating circumstances, had proved that Lamberton in
truth had bribed the Indians to kill the Dutch and Swedes”; but since
he would not confess to the charge, the court at the request of the
plaintiff dismissed the case. Secondly the court was agreed that “it
had been completely established from the documents that Lamberton by
right possessed no place at, in or around” Delaware River. Thirdly
since Lamberton now, a second time, had purchased beavers from the
Indians without a commission, the court had a right to confiscate not
only the beavers but his other goods and ship as well. Yet leniency
would be observed also in this particular and only a double duty would
be demanded on the 400 beavers in Lamberton’s possession, with the
understanding, however, that if he traded in the river a third time
without permission, his ketch and cargo would be confiscated. After
the dismissal of the court Lamberton paid the duty “of twelve pounds
sterling in the hundred” on his purchases as well as a few other bills
and returned home with his people.
The Swedes were busy during the summer completing their cottages, and
caring for their small plantations. Hay was cut in June and July, and
the grain was harvested a little later. We have no means of knowing,
what the summer of 1643 was like nor what the grain crop yielded;
but the corn crop was poor. Printz writes: “I got as well on the one
plantation as on the other from the work of nine men, hardly one man’s
nourishment.” The Swedes undoubtedly learnt from the Dutch and Indians
how to cultivate and use the corn, and it is probable that later
years brought better results. The tobacco crop was fair. The English
colonists at Varkens Kill, who had sworn allegiance to the Swedish
crown, could sell some 2,451 lbs. from their growth of 1643, and the
expert tobacco-planter, engaged by Printz, “showed good proofs of his
skill.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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