The Swedish Revolution Under Gustavus VasaWatson, Paul Barron
History
The Swedish Revolution Under Gustavus Vasa
Watson, Paul Barron
Gustav I Vasa, King of Sweden, 1496-1560; Sweden -- History -- Gustav I Vasa, 1523-1560
In spite of every effort to appease the people, discontent was fast
spreading through the land. To attribute this entirely to the actions of
Gustavus is unfair. His expedition against Gotland, it is true, had
proved a failure, and had cost his country dear. The monarch should have
seen that, in the impoverished state of his finances, the duty of
destroying Norby belonged to Denmark or Lubeck. But, granted that the
expedition was ill-judged, its failure certainly did not justify revolt.
The truth is, the Swedish people were so used to insurrection that the
slightest disappointment sufficed to set the whole country by the ears,
and no sooner was the expedition brought to its humiliating end than the
people began to look about for pretexts for revolt. One of the first
cries raised against Gustavus was that he had transgressed the law by
admitting foreign citizens into the Cabinet of Sweden. To this charge
the monarch was unable to make a rational reply. At the very outset of
his reign, he had displayed his first infatuation for foreign men by
raising Mehlen to the highest honors of the state. Later another
adventurer, one Count Johan von Hoya, had appeared upon the scene. The
king had forthwith showered royal favors upon his head. Scarcely two
months after landing Hoya had betrothed himself to the king's sister,
and had been received by the infatuated monarch into the Swedish
Cabinet. Such a course appeared to the people in direct opposition to
the promise made by Gustavus that he would drive out foreign power.
This evil, however, was but slight, in comparison with others that the
people had to bear. In plain English, they were starving. The
long-protracted war with Denmark, followed by the brutal piracies of
Norby, had so reduced the supply of necessaries, particularly salt, that
few except the rich were able to get enough to stay their hunger. Hoping
to allay the people's indignation in these matters, Gustavus called a
meeting of his Cabinet in October, summoning at the same time two
Linköping burghers to advise the Cabinet as to the best methods of
improving trade. It is worthy of note, however, that though the meeting
was expressly announced to be called for the purpose of improving trade,
the documents describing the debate are devoted almost wholly to a
consideration of methods to augment the royal funds. The king, it seems,
came forward with a suggestion that, since he was likely soon to marry,
some, provision should be made for adding to his income, and some steps
be taken to reimburse him for the sums advanced by him to carry on the
war. What he particularly wanted was the right to fix, according to his
own judgment, the amount of rents to be paid by crown estates. He
suggested, further, that, since the pope would not confirm the bishops
till they paid their fees, his coronation should be delayed no longer,
but the bishops should perform the ceremony without the papal sanction.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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