In the Canton of Zurich there is no limitation as to right of testator to dispose of his property by will, except as to interest of surviving wife. When the wife survives she is first entitled to withdraw the property she brought into the marriage, also the household furniture, in case it does not exceed one-fourth of the net estate; and if there be children, she takes the usufruct of one-half of the estate, or the fee-simple of one-eighth; if there be no children, but parents of the deceased living, she takes the usufruct of the whole estate, or fee-simple of one-fourth; if only grand-parents living, the fee-simple of one-half and the usufruct of the other half. If the wife marries, the usufruct is reduced one-half. As to sons and daughters,--in the father’s estate the sons have a preferred right to take the real estate, with the appurtenances, against payment of a moderate valuation; sons also have a preferred right to take the property pertaining to the paternal industry, such as tools, professional implements, cattle, etc., without, however, any deduction from the actual value thereof; sons take without compensation the paternal wardrobe, arms, outfit, and seal. Family records go to the oldest son without charge. The common paternal inheritance is divided equally among sons and daughters. In the maternal estate the clothing, house linen, and washing utensils go to the daughters without charge; also the jewelry, valuables, and savings of the mother, if they do not exceed in value five-one-hundredths of the estate, any excess over that must be paid for by them. The common maternal inheritance is divided equally, but the sons have the preference of the real estate, against payment of its full value. In the Canton of Geneva the code Napoleon, or _Code Civil Français_, substantially exists, that Canton having been a part of the French _Département du Léman_ from 1798 to 1814.