The Swiss cantonal constitutions declare that the happiness of the people is to be found in good morals and good instruction; and that, in a free country, every citizen should have placed within his reach an education fitting him for his rights and duties. Every Canton has in its constitution some expression embodying the idea that the business of a public teacher is to make his boys good citizens and good Christians. In some Cantons the distinct announcement is made that the true end of public instruction is to combine democracy with religion. In that of Zurich it is announced: “The people’s school shall train the children of all classes, on a plan agreed upon, to be intelligent men, useful citizens, and moral, religious beings.” In Luzern it is laid down that “the schools shall afford to every boy and girl capable of receiving an education the means of developing their mental and physical faculties, of training them for life in the family, in the Commune, in the church, and in the state, and of putting them in the way of getting their future bread.” In Vaud it is declared that “teaching in the public schools shall be in accordance with the principles of Christianity and democracy.” In fact, the organic law of each and every Canton demands a system of public education, sound, solid, moral, and democratic. They all bespeak the early and imperishable impress of that great Swiss educational reformer who, more than a century ago, uttered the memorable invocation: “Patron saint of this country, announce it in thunder tones through hill and valley that true popular freedom can only be made possible through the education of man!” Since the two zealous Irish monks, Columban and Gall, went to the continent, A.D. 585, and the latter founded the famous monastery of St. Gallen, the descendants of the Helvetii have powerfully contributed to European civilization and progress; learning and science finding a home not only at St. Gallen, but at Basel, Zurich, Geneva, and Bern. In the age of the Carlovingians, more than a thousand years ago, the Abbey of St. Gallen was the most erudite spot in Europe. It had the original manuscript of Quintilian, from which the first edition was published. The art of printing, when in its infancy everywhere else, had already been carried to a high degree of perfection at Basel; and the crusaders, who conquered Constantinople, met there A.D. 1202. Geneva was early distinguished in the annals of literature and science as well as for progress in the arts. Learned men, some of the exiles of Queen Mary’s reign, among whom was Whittingham, who married Calvin’s sister, devoted “the space of two years and more, day and night,” to a careful revision of the text of the English Bible, and the preparation of a marginal commentary upon it. The result of these labors was the publication, in 1560, of the celebrated Geneva Bible. The cost of this was defrayed by the English congregation at Geneva. Queen Elizabeth,