The Sword of Honor; or, The Foundation of the French Republic: A Tale of The French RevolutionSue, Eugène
History
The Sword of Honor; or, The Foundation of the French Republic: A Tale of The French Revolution
Sue, Eugène
France -- History -- Revolution, 1789-1799 -- Fiction
The imperishable work of the National Assembly was the Declaration of
the Rights of Man. This monumental document embraced territorial and
administrative unity; social, civil, political and religious equality;
and above all, the formal recognition of the sovereignty of the people
as the source of all power and of all functions, which it delegated to
its representatives by election. Nevertheless we must admit that the
Constitution of 1789-1791 lacked much that it should have contained, and
contained much which it would have been better without. Such, for
instance, were its several breaches of the sovereignty of the people,
like the distinction drawn between "active" and "passive" citizens, the
two-degree election, and the requirement of a certain amount of direct
taxation to qualify one for election as a representative. The Convention
later corrected these injustices; but it must be noted that the
Constitution of 1789-91 made no provision for the rights of women. Our
Gallic fathers admitted women into their city councils, even when the
deliberations turned on matters of war. Equality of civil and political
rights for men and women should have figured at the very head of the
Constitution. The question of marriage should there have been taken up
and established as a matter of free unions, ruled by mutual tastes and
agreements. Property should also have been reorganized, and declared
collective in the state, the department, the district, or the commune,
according to its nature, and no individual should have possessed more
than a temporary title to the instrument of labor or the plot of ground
which he needed for his support, and which should have been assigned to
him gratuitously by the commune. The abolition of inheritance would have
logically followed, and the suppression of interest on capital. A system
of free, compulsory, and nonsectarian education should have been
proclaimed, and also the right to assistance during youth, old age,
illness or unemployment.
However that may be, and in spite of the regrettable omissions in the
Constitution, honor to the labors of the legislators of '79. The clergy,
the nobility, the monarchy, smitten in their prestige, in their
property, in their privileges, and in their temporal authority, received
their death blow. The National Assembly inaugurated the era of
enfranchisement. It could, with good right, date its work the Year I of
Liberty. But we must not forget that it was the revolutionary attitude
of the populace of Paris at the attack on the Bastille, that ushered in
our freedom.
But a fact often before made manifest, almost one century after another,
was now once more to come into play. The royal power, forced to grant
concessions, sought only how best to elude or annul them, employing to
this end, each in its turn, perfidy, perjury, and violence!
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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