Shepherd, solicitous watchfulness of, 296, 297, 299; his tent and dog, 298; going before the flock, 299, 300; the guidance of, 301, 302; the good, 304, 305; carrying newly born lambs, 306, 307; rescuing from wild beasts, 307-09. Shepherd life in Syria, 295-309. Shoes, 228 n., 292. Signs and wonders, 181. Sin, origin of, 54. Sitting at meals, 58, 224-30. Sleeping, on couches, 271; on the housetop, 272. Sleeplessness, 388, 389. Snow in Syria, 362, 363. Sociability, no business without, 263. Sociableness of parabolic speech, 142. Solomon's Song, the realism of, 352-55. "Sop, " the, handed to Judas, 68-70. Sower, the Syrian, 286-94. Sowing in Syria, 288, 289. Speech, Oriental's, his manner that of a worshipper, 81, 185; his daily, 81-90; imprecations, 90-95; intellectual inaccuracy of, 108; always illustrated, 115; full of metaphor and exaggeration, 118-39, 372; its positiveness, 118, 132, 183-88; parabolic, 140-66; swearing, 167-74; the many and picturesque dialects of, 175-78; habit of imploring, 178-81; its intimacy and unreserve, 181-83. Spindle, the Syrian, 359-61. Spinning in Syria, 358-61. Spiritual visions, little room for, in modern life, 46. Springs of water, 248, 249. Staff, the Syrian, 254. Star of Bethlehem, 31, 36, 37, 41. Star-gazers, 34, 35. Stars, Oriental attitude toward, 31, 32; multitude likened to, 32, 33; of persons, 33, 34; belief that they are alive with God, 36. Stoves, 200. "Strain at a gnat and swallow a camel, " 133 Streets, 210-13. Superstitions, 18-20. Swaddle, the, 28, 29. Swearing, 167-74. _See_ Imprecations. Swineherds, 157. Syria, life in, to-day, the same as in the time of Christ, 5, 6; life of, must be studied from the inside, 8, 10, 11; pilgrimages still common in, 47; events on Mount Zion and in Gethsemane illustrative of life in, 56-71; belief in regard to tares in wheat-field, common in, 148; hidden treasures in, 164, 165; sitting and reclining at meals in, 224-26; traveling in, 247-58; the market-place in, 259-68; caravans in, 259, 260; drawing water in, 261; measuring grain in, 265-68; the housetop in, 269-77; the vineyard and the fig tree in, 280-82; making wine in, 282-84; agricultural life in, 286-94; shepherd life in, 295-309; status of woman in, _see_ Oriental, Woman; marriage in, 348-50; the process of spinning in, 359-61; snow in, 362, 363; grinding wheat in, 400-03. _See_ Oriental, Syrians. Syrian and American modes of thought, contrast between, 126, 127. Syrian churches, 407, 408.