It is evident that there is no single method, and this is a fortunate
fact, since if it were not so, the attack would be too mechanical to be
interesting. There is no one rule for solving every problem nor even for
seeing how to begin. On the other hand, a pupil is saved some time by
having his attention called to a few rather definite lines of attack,
and he will undoubtedly fare the better by not wasting his energies over
attempts that are in advance doomed to failure.
There are two general questions to be considered: first, as to the
discovery of new truths, and second, as to the proof. With the first the
pupil will have little to do, not having as yet arrived at this stage in
his progress. A bright student may take a little interest in seeing
what he can find out that is new (at least to him), and if so, he may
be told that many new propositions have been discovered by the accurate
drawing of figures; that some have been found by actually weighing
pieces of sheet metal of certain sizes; and that still others have made
themselves known through paper folding. In all of these cases, however,
the supposed proposition must be proved before it can be accepted.
As to the proof, the pupil usually wanders about more or less until he
strikes the right line, and then he follows this to the conclusion. He
should not be blamed for doing this, for he is pursuing the method that
the world followed in the earliest times, and one that has always been
common and always will be. This is the synthetic method, the building up
of the proof from propositions previously proved. If the proposition is
a theorem, it is usually not difficult to recall propositions that may
lead to the demonstration, and to select the ones that are really
needed. If it is a problem, it is usually easy to look ahead and see
what is necessary for the solution and to select the preceding
propositions accordingly.
But pupils should be told that if they do not rather easily find the
necessary propositions for the construction or the proof, they should
not delay in resorting to another and more systematic method. This is
known as the method of analysis, and it is applicable both to theorems
and to problems. It has several forms, but it is of little service to a
pupil to have these differentiated, and it suffices that he be given the
essential feature of all these forms, a feature that goes back to Plato
and his school in the fifth century B.C.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account