The third general method of attack applies chiefly to problems where
some point is to be determined. This is the method of the intersection
of loci. Thus, to locate an electric light at a point eighteen feet from
the point of intersection of two streets and equidistant from them,
evidently one locus is a circle with a radius eighteen feet and the
center at the vertex of the angle made by the streets, and the other
locus is the bisector of the angle. The method is also occasionally
applicable to theorems. For example, to prove that the perpendicular
bisectors of the sides of a triangle are concurrent. Here the locus of
points equidistant from _A_ and _B_ is _PP'_, and the locus of points
equidistant from _B_ and _C_ is _QQ'_. These can easily be shown to
intersect, as at _O_. Then _O_, being equidistant from _A_, _B_, and
_C_, is also on the perpendicular bisector of _AC_. Therefore these
bisectors are concurrent in _O_.
These are the chief methods of attack, and are all that should be given
to an average class for practical use.
Besides the methods of attack, there are a few general directions that
should be given to pupils.
1. In attacking either a theorem or a problem, take the most general
figure possible. Thus, if a proposition relates to a quadrilateral, take
one with unequal sides and unequal angles rather than a square or even a
rectangle. The simpler figures often deceive a pupil into feeling that
he has a proof, when in reality he has one only for a special case.
2. Set forth very exactly the thing that is given, using letters
relating to the figure that has been drawn. Then set forth with the same
exactness the thing that is to be proved. The neglect to do this is the
cause of a large per cent of the failures. The knowing of exactly what
we have to do and exactly what we have with which to do it is half the
battle.
3. If the proposition seems hazy, the difficulty is probably with the
wording. In this case try substituting the definition for the name of
the thing defined. Thus instead of thinking too long about proving that
the median to the base of an isosceles triangle is perpendicular to the
base, draw the figure and think that there is given
_AC_ = _BC_,
_AD_ = _BD_,
and that there is to be proved that
[L]_CDA_ = [L]_BDC_.
[Illustration]
Here we have replaced "median," "isosceles," and "perpendicular" by
statements that express the same idea in simpler language.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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