Reflecting telescopes are considerably more troublesome to keep in
order than refractors owing to the tender nature of the silvered
surface. It may remain in good condition with fairly steady use for
several years or it may go bad in a few months or a few weeks. The
latter is not an unusual figure in telescopes used about a city where
smoke is plentiful. The main thing is to prevent the deposit of dew on
the mirror, or getting it wet in any other way, for in drying off the
drops almost invariably leave spots.
Many schemes have been proposed for the prevention of injury to the
mirror surface. A close fitting metal cover, employed whenever the
mirror is not in use, has given good results in many places. Where
conditions are extreme this is sometimes lined with a layer of dry
absorbent cotton coming fairly down upon the mirror surface, and if
this muffler is dry, clean, and a little warmer than the mirror when
put on, it seems to be fairly effective. Preferably the mirror should
be kept, when not in use, at a little higher temperature than the
surrounding air so that dew will not tend to deposit upon it.
As to actual protective measures the only thing that seems to be
really efficient is a very thin coating of lacquer, first tried by
Perot at the Paris Observatory. The author some ten years since took
up the problem in protecting some laboratory mirrors against fumes
and moisture and found that the highest grade of white lacquer, such
as is used for the coating of fine silverware in the trade, answered
admirably if diluted with six or eight volumes of the thinner sold
with such commercial lacquers. It is best to thin the lacquer to the
requisite amount and then filter.
If now a liberal amount of the mixture is poured upon the mirror
surface after careful dusting, swished quickly around, and the mirror
is then immediately turned up on edge to drain and dry, a very thin
layer of lacquer will be left upon it, only a fraction of a wave length
thick, so that it shows broad areas of interference colors.
Treated in this way and kept dry the coating will protect the
brilliancy of the silver for a good many months even under rather
unfavorable circumstances. After trying out the scheme rather
thoroughly the treatment was applied to the 24 inch reflector of the
Harvard Observatory and has been in use ever since. The author applied
the first coating in the spring of 1913, and since that time it has
only been necessary to resilver perhaps once in six months as against
about as many weeks previously.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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