[Footnote 200: The critical reader will discover a slight difference of opinion between Dr. Winchell and myself in regard to how much of chapter i. is to be regarded as the "Exordium" of the Hymn of Creation. Dr. Winchell includes verses 1 and 2; I incline, however, to the opinion that it is embraced in verse 1. The reasons which weigh with me are the following: 1. The chaos or the darkness of verse 2 is clearly recognized as "the _evening_" of the first day, "And God called the light Day, and the darkness He called Night; and there was evening and morning: one day." I do not see how on a fair interpretation of the sacred poem we can escape the conclusion that the _first_ day embraces "the evening and morning"--that is, the primal darkness of verse 2, and the creation of dawning light. This conception furthermore harmonizes with the Hebrew usage, which always regarded the preceding night as part of the one natural day. The Hebrew Sabbath commenced at six o'clock on Friday evening. Thus we read in Leviticus xxiii. 32, "From even to even shall ye celebrate your Sabbath." Hence also the evening--morning = day (νυχθή-μερον)--of Daniel viii. 14. 2. The division I have made is the one which has been followed by the best Hebrew scholars, whose opinion is entitled to the highest deference in this connection. The independent character of the opening sentence of Genesis was affirmed by such judicious and learned men as Calvin, Bishop Patrick, and Dr. D. Jennings. The early fathers of the Church, as St. Gregory of Nazianzen, St. Justin Martyr, Origen, St. Augustine, and others, held that there was a considerable interval between the creation related in the first verse, and that of which an account is given in the third and following verses. See "The Pre-Adamite Earth," by Dr. Harris, p. 281.] [Footnote 201: Breman Lectures, M. Fuchs "On Miracles," p. 105.] [Footnote 202: See _ante_, p. 61.] [Footnote 203: Lange, _in loco_.] [Footnote 204: Faraday.] [Footnote 205: "Three direct acts of the Deity may be recognized, viz., the creation of matter, of life, and of mind."--Prof. Hinrich, _American Journal of Science and Arts_, vol. xxxix. p. 57.] [Footnote 206: See M. Claude Bernard, _Revue des Deux Mondes_, December 15, 1867; Prof. Norton, _American Journal of Science_, July, 1864; Cooke, "Religion and Chemistry," p. 330.] [Footnote 207: _North British Review_, March, 1868, p. 127. This is the doctrine of the first physicists of the age, of Sir William Thomson (see _Nature_, vol. i. p. 551; vol. ii. p. 421; and especially vol. iv. pp. 265-6), of Prof. Maxwell (see _Nature_, vol. ii. p. 421), of Prof. Tait (see _Nature_, vol. iv. p. 271), also of Clausius and Rankine. See also Prof. Hinrich, "On Planetology," in _American Journal of Science_, vol. xxxix. p. 283; and Prof. Norton, "On Molecular and Cosmical Physics," _American Journal of Science_, vol. xlix. pp. 24, 33.] [Footnote 208: Cooke's "Religion and Chemistry," p. 129.]