But England, the greater number of the North American States, Denmark, Holland, Belgium, France and hitherto Germany (with its highly unpractical article Sec. 105, 2, of the Imp. Ind. Code), grant protection of Sunday rest only to their "protected persons," and only in factory and quasi-factory business; but we must not here forget that there exists also protection of opportunities for religious observances extending over nearly the whole area of national industry, which is enforced partly by law and partly by tradition. Austria prohibits Sunday employment in _all_ industrial work. An important extension and equalising of protection of holidays in Europe is projected in the resolutions of the Berlin Conference. The resolutions read as follows: "1. It is desirable, with provision for certain necessary exceptions and delays in any State: (_a_) that one day of rest weekly be ensured to protected persons; (_b_) that one day of rest be ensured to all industrial workers; (_c_) that this day of rest be fixed on the Sunday for all protected persons; (_d_) that this day of rest be fixed on the Sunday for all industrial workers. 2. Exceptions are permissible (_a_) in the case of any business which on technical grounds requires that production shall be carried on without intermission, or which supplies the public with such indispensable necessaries of life as require to be produced daily; (_b_) in the case of any business which from its nature can only be carried on at definite seasons of the year, or which is dependent on the irregular activity of elemental forces. It is desirable that even in such cases as are enumerated in this category, every workman be granted one out of every two Sundays free. 3. To the end that exceptions everywhere be dealt with on the same general method, it is desirable that the determination of such exceptions result from an understanding between the different States." The _von Berlepsch_ Bill ensures a very extensive measure of protection of holidays by the following means: it extends the application of provisions Sec. 105_a_ to 105_h_ in paragraph 1 of Chapter VII. of the Imp. Ind. Code to all workshop labour, it strictly limits Sunday work in trade and defines the permissible exceptions: moreover, it allows of unlimited extension of this kind of protection to all industry by means of an imperial rescript (Sec. 105_g_), and finally it foreshadows further protective action in the sphere of common law (105_h_). The Auer Motion contains a general extension and simplification of protection of holidays (Sec. 107, 1): "Industrial work shall be forbidden on Sundays and festivals" (with certain specified and strictly defined exceptions). Protection of holidays serves to four great ends: religious instruction, physical and mental recreation, family life and social intercourse. Protection of holidays has to take special measures to meet these four special ends.