Their sum (_z_) multiplied (×) by the heat required, less (-) the heat of the air. This produce divided (÷) by the heat of boiling water (212) less (-) the heat of the air will quote how much is to be made to boil or brought through (212) that is how high the copper is to be charged, the remainder of the length of the whole liquor for this mash, is the quantity to be cooled in. The first example is that of a brewing of small beer, when the heat of the air is at 60, (see page 232.) The volume of the 6 quarters of malt was estimated at 3,42 barrels, (see page 268;) the first liquor is 14-1/2 barrels, (see page 247) and the heat required for the first mash 154 degrees, (see page 247.) _First Mash._ _m_ = 14,50 Barrels of water _n_ = 3,42 Volume of grist ------ _m_ + _n_ = 17,92 _c_ = 154 Heat of the first mash, 94 _b_ = 60 Heat of the air, ---- ---- (_a_) heat of _c_ - _b_ = 94 boiling water, 212 7168 _b_ heat of the air, 60 16128 ---- ------ _a_ - _b_ = 152 )168448 (1108 barrels of water, to 152 be made to boil out of ---- the 14 + 1/2 barrels which 164 are allotted for the first 152 mash. The incidents to ---- be mentioned, are not 1248 considered in this calculation. 1216 ---- The next example of a brewing is that of a grist of eleven quarters of malt for porter or brown beer; the medium heat of the air is forty degrees, the volume of the grist, 6,32 barrels, (see page 268) the first liquor to mash with sixteen barrels, (see page 245) and the heat expected in the mash, one hundred and fifty-seven and a half[29] degrees. (See page 245). _First Mash of brown strong beer._ 16,00 Barrels of water 6,32 Volume of malt ----- 157 Heat required in the mash, vide page 247. 22,32 117 40 Heat of the air. ------ ----- Heat of boiling 15624 117 water, 212 2232 ----- Heat of air, 40 2232 ----- ------- 172 )261144 (15,18 barrels of water, to be 172 made to boil out of the 16 barrels. ----- 891 860 ----- 314 1324 -----