The Theory of Moral Sentiments: Or, an Essay Towards an Analysis of the Principles by Which Men Naturally Judge Concerning the Conduct and Character, First of Their Neighbours, and Afterwards of Themselves. to Which Is Added, a Dissertation on the Origin of Languages.Smith, Adam
Philosophy
The Theory of Moral Sentiments: Or, an Essay Towards an Analysis of the Principles by Which Men Naturally Judge Concerning the Conduct and Character, First of Their Neighbours, and Afterwards of Themselves. to Which Is Added, a Dissertation on the Origin of Languages.
Smith, Adam
Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Language and languages -- Early works to 1800
That virtue consists in conformity to reason, is true in some respects,
and this faculty may very justly be considered, as in some sense, the
source and principle of approbation and disapprobation, and of all solid
judgments concerning right and wrong. It is by reason that we discover
those general rules of justice by which we ought to regulate our
actions: and it is by the same faculty that we form those more vague and
indeterminate ideas of what is prudent, of what is decent, of what is
generous or noble, which we carry constantly about with us, and
according to which we endeavour, as well as we can, to model the tenour
of our conduct. The general maxims of morality are formed, like all
other general maxims, from experience and induction. We observe in a
great variety of particular cases what pleases or displeases our moral
faculties, what these approve or disapprove of, and, by induction from
this experience, we establish those general rules. But induction is
always regarded as one of the operations of reason. From reason,
therefore, we are very properly said to derive all those general maxims
and ideas. It is by these, however, that we regulate the greater part of
our moral judgments, which would be extremely uncertain and precarious
if they depended altogether upon what is liable to so many variations as
immediate sentiment and feeling, which the different states of health
and humour are capable of altering so essentially. As our most solid
judgments, therefore, with regard to right and wrong, are regulated by
maxims and ideas derived from an induction of reason, virtue may very
properly be said to consist in a conformity to reason, and so far this
faculty may be considered as the source and principle of approbation and
disapprobation.
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