Charles I., King of England, forms an alliance with Christian IV., 86; is unable to fulfil his engagement, 95; sends Sir C. Morgan to aid Christian IV., 101; quarrels with France, 111; attempts to succour Rochelle, 113; his arrangements about the Spanish fleet in the Downs, 198. Charles V., his strength external to the empire, 8; his meeting with Luther, 9; forced to yield to the Protestants, 9. Charles Emanuel, Duke of Savoy, helps the Bohemians, 33; plans for his advancement in Germany, 35; attacks Genoa, 76; reduced to submission by Richelieu, 122. Charles Lewis, Elector Palatine, claims his father's dominion, 198; receives the Lower Palatinate, 214. Charles, Prince of Wales, proposed marriage with an Infanta, 51; treaty with Spain broken off, 70; proposed marriage with Henrietta Maria, 74. _See_ Charles I., King of England. Charles the Great (_Charlemagne_), nature of his authority, 2. Cherasco, treaty of, 135. Chichester, Lord, his embassy to the Palatinate, 59. Christian IV., King of Denmark, his connection with Germany, 78; his views on the course of the war, 79; his offers to England to make war, 84; his offer accepted, 85; attacked by Tilly, 94; defeated at Lutter, 96; refuses Wallenstein's terms of peace, 101; sends agents to Stralsund, 109; makes peace at Lübeck, 117. Christian of Anhalt, leader of the German Calvinists, 18; his character and policy, 18; his part in the foundation of the Union, 21; his intrigues in Austria, 26; his plan for supporting the Bohemians, 34; commands the Bohemian army, 44. Christian of Brunswick, administrator of Halberstadt, his instalment in the cathedral, 54; resolves to take part in the war, 55; invades the diocese of Paderborn, 55; defeated at Höchst, 59; retreats to Alsace, 60; marches through Lorraine, 63; loses his arm at Fleurus, 64; threatens the Lower Saxon Circle, 65; negotiates with the Emperor, 66; is defeated at Stadtlohn, and resigns the See of Halberstadt, 67; joins Christian IV., 95; dies, 96. Christina, Queen of Sweden, 166. Christina, Regent of Savoy, assisted by the French, 197. Church lands secularized, 10, 11; legal decision about them against the Protestants, 14. Cities, free imperial, their part in the Diet, 6. Cleves, war of succession in, 21. Coblentz, fired at by the French in Ehrenbreitstein, 187. Colbert, his reforms, 226. Cologne, Elector of, 1; failure of an attempt by him to bring over the electorate to Protestantism, 14. Condé, Prince of, takes part with Spain, 223. Convention of Passau. _See_ Passau. Corbie, taken by the Spaniards, and retaken by the French, 193. Cordova, Gonzales de, commands the Spaniards in the Lower Palatinate, 50; takes part in the battle of Wimpfen, 57; joins in defeating Christian of Brunswick at Höchst, 59; commands at Fleurus, 63.