Ferdinand, Archduke (afterwards the Emperor Ferdinand II.), rules Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola, 24; puts down Protestantism there, 24; acknowledged as King of Bohemia, 28; his character, 28; swears to the Royal Charter, 29; elected King of Hungary, 32; receives help from Spain, 33; promises to respect the Royal Charter, 36; besieged by Mansfeld, 37; elected Emperor, 38; comes to terms with Maximilian, 40; puts Frederick to the ban, 46; refuses to go beyond the agreement of Mühlhausen, 68; accepts Wallenstein's offer to raise an army, 89; grants Mecklenburg to Wallenstein, 105, 118; oppresses the Protestants, 120; recovers Upper Austria, 119; takes part in the Mantuan war, 121; carries out the Edict of Restitution, 126; despises Gustavus, 134; refuses to abandon the Edict, 137; looks to Spain for help, 151; hesitates what to do about Wallenstein, 174; decides against him, 176; consents to the Peace of Prague, 184; his death, 194. Ferdinand, King of Hungary (afterwards the Emperor Ferdinand III.), his marriage, 174; commands the army after Wallenstein's death, 182; becomes Emperor, 194; reluctance to surrender Alsace to the French, 210. Ferdinand, the Cardinal-infant, proposed command of, resisted by Wallenstein, 171; joins the King of Hungary before the battle of Nördlingen, 182; proceeds to Brussels, 183; invades France, 192. Fleurus, battle of, 63. France, takes precautions against Mansfeld, 63; its internal dissensions, 77, 112; at war with England, 113; intervenes in Italy and makes peace with England, 122; supremacy of Richelieu in, 168; places itself at the head of a German alliance, 189; declares war openly against Spain, 192; continues the war with Spain, 197; its victories over Spain, 205; its victories in Germany, 207; its gains by the Peace of Westphalia, 214; continuance of its war with Spain, 221; successes of, in Flanders, 224; its gains by the treaty of the Pyrenees, 224; its condition under Lewis XIV., 226. Franche Comté, included in the Empire, 2. Franconia, duchy of, assigned to Bernhard, 167; taken from him, 183. Frankenthal, garrisoned by Vere's troops, 57; given up to the Spaniards, 60. Frankfort-on-the Main, place of coronation, 2. Frankfort-on-the-Oder, taken by Gustavus, 134. Frederick III., the Emperor, words used to him, 2. Frederick IV., Elector Palatine, nominal leader of the Calvinists, 18; his death, 31.