was for the future to be subordinated to Canterbury, and not to York. In this judgment Thomas seems to have quietly acquiesced[105].” Lanfranc, however, looked with extreme doubt and jealousy on the Saxon clergy; and at the synod of Pedrede (Petherton in Somersetshire) in 1070, he charged Wulfstan with “insufficiency and want of learning,” intending to remove him from his see, as Egelmar had been deposed from the East Anglian bishopric in the early part of the same year. But Wulfstan’s competency was fully proved[106], and it is possible that the whole charge against him may have arisen from his ignorance of Norman-French. A later legend (first mentioned by Ailred of Rievaulx, who did not live till the next century) asserted that when Wulfstan was called upon to deliver up his pastoral staff, he refused to do so, unless to the Confessor, from whom he had received it; that he laid the staff accordingly on the Confessor’s tomb, which opened to receive it; and that no one could withdraw the staff from the tomb but Wulfstan himself, who was of course permitted to retain his see. The simplicity, earnestness, and incessant labour of Wulfstan’s pastoral life--“vir magnæ pietatis et columbinæ simplicitatis,” says Malmesbury--are borne witness to by all the chroniclers; and especially by William of Malmesbury, in his _Gesta Pontificum_, and in his Life of Wulfstan. On his episcopal manors he built no halls or “dining chambers,” giving his whole attention to more important matters, and even in the churches which he built, he disapproved of rich and elaborate ornamentation[107]. The church and monastery of St. Oswald proved too small for the increasing number of monks. Wulfstan pulled them down, and laid the foundations of the existing cathedral. He lived, apparently, to complete much of his work; but all that now remains of his cathedral is the crypt. (Pt. I. § XXII.) Whilst witnessing the destruction of Oswald’s church, Wulfstan burst into tears, declaring that he was pulling down the work of a far holier man than himself--a church in which so many saints had served God[108].