Stanley’s _Congo_, I., 1–11. Footnote 505: See _Penn. Mag. of Hist. and Biog._, VI., 412–434. Footnote 506: Carlyle’s _History of Frederick_, II., I., 71–74. Footnote 507: Rawlinson’s _Inscriptions of Western Asia_, I., 17–26, Col. III., ll. 84–89. Footnote 508: Brugsch’s _Egypt under the Pharaohs_, I., 81. Footnote 509: Brugsch’s _Egypt under the Pharaohs_, II., 82. Footnote 510: “The Shih King,” in _Sacred Books of the East_, III., 343, 392, 399, note, 420, 422 note. Footnote 511: Lacouperie’s _Western Origin of the Early Chinese Civilization_, pp. 79. 81. Footnote 512: See p. 7 f., _ante_. Footnote 513: Heb. 10 : 20. Footnote 514: I have this on the testimony of those who have often witnessed it. Footnote 515: See Gen. 15 : 1–21. Footnote 516: On this point I am assured by missionaries and other dwellers in Persia. Footnote 517: Morier’s _Journey to Constantinople_, p. 75. Footnote 518: _Ibid._, p. 84 f. See, also, Morier’s _Second Journey through Persia_, p. 93 f. Again, when the Shah of Persia was to enter Teheran, he was received outside of the walls, by prominent officials, with much ceremony. As he approached Footnote 519: Morier’s _Second Journey through Persia_, p. 387 f. Footnote 520: Layard’s _Nineveh and Babylon_ (Am. ed.), p. 35 f. Footnote 521: _Ibid._, p. 37. Footnote 522: My informant, an eye-witness of this incident, was not sure whether it was a Prussian, an Austrian, or a Russian prince. Footnote 523: Burckhardt’s _Travels in Nubia_, p. 157. ----- IV. ORIGIN OF THE RITE. 1. A NATURAL QUESTION. A question that forces itself on the mind, in connection with the study of a world-wide primitive rite like this of the Threshold Covenant, is, What was its origin? How came it to pass, that primitive peoples, in all parts of the world, were brought to attach such exceptionally sacred significance to the threshold of a hut, or tent, or cave, or house; of a palace or temple; of a domain, local or national; and to count its crossing by blood a form of holy covenanting between the parties engaged in it, and the deity invoked in the ceremony? This question goes back to the origin of religious rites among human beings, and its answer must, in order to commend itself to all, be in accordance with the natural outgrowths and the abnormal perversions of religious rites, in the main line of human development all the world over.