As evidenced in the traditional claim that the grave of Adam was under the cross. Footnote 462: 2 Kings 5 : 17. Footnote 463: Isa. 28 : 16; 1 Pet. 2 : 6. Footnote 464: Isa. 58 : 12. Footnote 465: 1 Cor. 3 : 10, 11. Footnote 466: 1 Pet. 2 : 5. Footnote 467: Eph. 2 : 20, 21. Footnote 468: _Sura_ 3 : 90. Footnote 469: See Sale’s _Koran_, “Preliminary Discourse,” Sect. IV.; Burton’s _Pilgrimage to El-Medinah and Meccah_, III., 149–222; Hughes’s _Dictionary of Islam_, s. vv. “Abraham,” “Adam,” “Arafāt,” “Hagar,” “Ishmael,” “Kaʿbah,” “Masjidu ʾl-Harām,” “Zamzam;” Sprenger’s _Life of Mohammad_, pp. 46–62; Muir’s _Mahomet and Islam_, pp. 12–17, 215–219. Footnote 470: Burton’s _Pilgrimage_, III., 260. ----- III. SACRED BOUNDARY LINE. 1. FROM TEMPLE TO DOMAIN. Man’s first dwelling-place was the cave, or the tent, or the hut, in which he made a home with his family. The threshold and hearth of that dwelling-place was the boundary of his earthly possessions. It was the sacred border or limit of the portion of the earth’s surface over which he claimed control, and where he and his were under the special protection of the deity with whom he was in covenant. Therefore the threshold hearth was hallowed as a place of covenant worship. As families were formed into tribes and communities, they came to have a common ruler or priest, and his dwelling-place was counted by all as the common center of covenant with their common deity; and when they would worship that deity there, they worshiped at the threshold altar of his sanctuary. So it was that the threshold was the place of the hearth-fire and altar, in both house and temple. When man acquired property rights beyond his dwelling-place, and communities and peoples gained control over portions of country more or less extensive, the boundary limits of their possessions were extended, but were no less real and positive than before. The protecting deity of the region thus bounded was recognized as having sway in that domain; and those who were dwellers there were in covenant relations with him. Therefore it was that the boundary line of such domain was deemed its threshold, and as such was held sacred as a place of worship and of sacrifice. 2. LOCAL LANDMARKS. A private landmark was a sacred boundary, and was a threshold altar for its possessor. To remove or to disregard such a local threshold, was an offense not only against its owner, but against the deity in whose name it had been set up.