The Toxicity of Caffein: An experimental study on different species of animalsSalant, William
Science
The Toxicity of Caffein: An experimental study on different species of animals
Salant, William
Caffeine -- Physiological effect
February 13: 1 p. m., still alive.
February 14: 9 a. m., found dead.
_Guinea pig 45. Female. Weight, 435 grams. Diet, oats for about one
month previous to injection._
March 17: 3 p. m., 3.5 cc of 2 per cent caffein injected subcutaneously
in the back (0.160 gram per kilo); 4.35 p. m., no symptoms; 5.40 p. m.,
no symptoms.
_Guinea pig 39. Male. Weight, 820 grams. Diet, oats and carrots._
February 12: 11 a. m., 6 cc (0.15 gram per kilo) 2 per cent caffein
injected subcutaneously in back.
February 14: 9 a. m., alive; seemed to be in good condition; found dead
at 1 p. m.
_Guinea pig 41. Weight, 660 grams. Diet, oats and carrots one week
previous to injection._
February 12: 11 a. m., 5 cc (0.15 gram per kilo) 2 per cent caffein
injected subcutaneously.
February 14: 2 p. m., pig alive; apparently normal.
February 18: Guinea pig still alive and apparently in good condition.
_Guinea pig 46. Female. Weight, 470 grams. Diet, oats about one month
previous to experiment._
March 17: 3.15 p. m., 4 cc (0.170 gram per kilo) 2 per cent caffein
injected into back subcutaneously; 4.35 p. m., reflexes increased,
tremors on handling marked; 5.40 p. m., no change, symptoms about as
before.
March 18: 2.30 p. m., no symptoms.
The experiments of this series (D) likewise showed a considerable
difference in the resistance of the individual guinea pigs. Nos. 41,
45, and 46 survived; the rest of the pigs died within 18 hours to 2
days after the administration of caffein. Since an autopsy was held on
one only, it is impossible to assign a cause for the variation in the
toxicity of caffein in these guinea gigs, as the diet and the other
conditions under which the experiments were conducted were the same.
It was found in the experiments on cats and rabbits that the presence
of morbid processes tends to increase the toxicity of caffein. The
observations of Ophüls(66) are of interest in this connection. He found
spontaneous lesions of the kidney and liver in a large proportion of
guinea pigs examined. The greater susceptibility to caffein of guinea
pigs Nos. 39, 40, 49, is probably due therefore to some pathological
change which increased its toxicity. About 0.2 to 0.24 gram per kilo
may therefore be regarded as the minimum lethal dose for the normal
guinea pig when caffein is introduced subcutaneously, the minimum toxic
dose being about 150-160 mg per kilo.
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