“No authority outside of the teacher of a pupil can possibly determine what that pupil needs at any given moment. “Grading and promotion, properly understood, are economical means of knowing and helping each individual pupil. “The course of study in its best form and last analysis is the best means of helping each child, and of helping each child to be of immediate and essential aid to all his mates.” _CITY NORMAL SCHOOLS._ Very similar to the State Normal Schools in organization and curriculum are those maintained by certain cities. Of these the Philadelphia, New York and Boston schools may be taken as representatives. Such schools belong to the City School systems, and are under the supervision of the City Superintendent. Graduates from these schools are supposed to teach in the public schools of the city. At Philadelphia the Normal School is in a transition state. Hitherto the Girls’ Normal School has at the same time been the Girls’ High School, and it was only possible to make a distinction in length of course between those who were going to teach and those who were not--the fourth year being especially devoted to professional work. The tendency in such a school would be, of course, to emphasize the academic work at the expense of the professional. According to the new scheme, the High School and Normal School will be separated, and the latter be purely professional. Admission to the Normal School will only be granted after a three years’ course at the High School, and the former will have a course of its own for two years. The present course of study and the future scheme are subjoined. * * * * * Subjects to be studied in the two years’ course at the new Girls’ Normal School, Philadelphia: 1. Educational Psychology. 2. Methods of Teaching. 3. School Economy. 4. The History of Education. 5. The Philosophy of Education. 6. Methods in Mathematics. 7. Methods in Language and Literature. 8. Methods in History, Sociology, and Civics. 9. Methods in Natural History. 10. Methods in Physics and Chemistry. 11. Methods in Elocution. 12. Methods in Vocal Music. 13. Methods in Modelling and Drawing. 14. Methods in Kindergarten. 15. Methods in Gymnastics and Physical Training. 16. Methods in Sewing and Fitting. 17. Methods in Wood-work, etc. 18. Observation in Model School. 19. Practice in Model School. 20. Discussion of Observation and Practice. 21. Educational Reading and Original Investigation. Mention must also be made of the provision made for the training of men teachers in the new School of Pedagogy which has been opened in connection with the Central High School for boys. The students must be graduates of the latter, or of similar institutions. The course is for one year, and includes professional subjects only. The New York Normal College is conducted in the same way as the present one at Philadelphia, it being at once a High and Normal School.