I have not been able to learn to what extent books in this kind of mixed language are extant. I have observed one, a romance in verse called _Macaire_ (_Altfranzösische Gedichte aus Venez. Handschriften_, von _Adolf Mussafia_, Wien, 1864), the language of which is not unlike this jargon of Rustician’s, _e.g._:— “‘Dama,’ fait-il, ‘molto me poso merviler De ves enfant quant le fi batecer De un signo qe le vi sor la spal’a droiturer Qe non ait nul se no filz d’inperer.’”—(p. 41) [6] As examples of such Orientalisms: _Bonus_, “ebony,” and _calamanz_, “pencases,” seem to represent the Persian _abnús_ and _ḳalamdàn_; the dead are mourned by _les mères et les_ Araines, the _Harems_; in speaking of the land of the Ismaelites or Assassins, called _Mulhete_, _i.e._ the Arabic _Muláhidah_, “Heretics,” he explains this term as meaning “des _Aram_” (_Ḥarám_, “the reprobate”). Speaking of the Viceroys of Chinese Provinces, we are told that they rendered their accounts yearly to the _Safators_ of the Great Kaan. This is certainly an Oriental word. Sir H. Rawlinson has suggested that it stands for _dafátir_ (“registers or public books”), pl. of _daftar_. This seems probable, and in that case the true reading may have been _dafators_. [7] Luces du Gast, one of the first of these, introduces himself thus:— “Je Luces, Chevaliers et Sires du Chastel du Gast, voisins prochain de Salebieres, comme chevaliers amoureus enprens à translater du Latin en François une partie de cette estoire, non mie pour ce que je sache gramment de François, ainz apartient plus ma langue et ma parleure à la manière de l’Engleterre que à celle de France, comme cel qui fu en Engleterre nez, mais tele est ma volentez et mon proposement, que je en langue françoise le translaterai.” (_Hist. Litt. de La France_, xv. 494.) [8] _Hist. Litt. de la France_, xv. 500. [9] _Ibid._ 508. [10] _Tyrwhitt’s Essay on Lang., etc., of Chaucer_, p. xxii. (Moxon’s Ed. 1852.) [11] _Chroniques Etrangères_, p. 502. [12] “_Loquuntur linguam quasi Gallicam, scilicet quasi de Cipro_.” (See _Cathay_, p. 332.) [13] Page 138. [14] _Hammers Ilchan_, II. 148. [15] After the capture of Acre, Richard orders 60,000 Saracen prisoners to be executed:— “They wer brought out off the toun, Save twenty, he heeld to raunsoun. They wer led into the place ful evene: _Ther they herden Aungeles off Hevene_: _They sayde_: ‘SEYNYORS, TUEZ, TUEZ! ‘Spares hem nought! Behedith these!’ Kyng Rychard herde the Aungelys voys, And thankyd God, and the Holy Croys.” —_Weber_, II. 144. Note that, from the rhyme, the Angelic French was apparently pronounced “_Too-eese! Too-eese!_”