NOTE 1.—[ERZINJAN, Erzinga, or Eriza, in the vilayet of Erzrum, was rebuilt in 1784, after having been destroyed by an earthquake. “Arzendjan,” says Ibn Batuta, II. p. 294, “is in possession of well-established markets; there are manufactured fine stuffs, which are called after its name.” It was at Erzinjan that was fought in 1244 the great battle, which placed the Seljuk Turks under the dependency of the Mongol Khans.—H. C.] I do not find mention of its hot springs by modern travellers, but Lazari says Armenians assured him of their existence. There are plenty of others in Polo’s route through the country, as at Ilija, close to Erzrum, and at Hássan Kalá. The _Buckrams_ of Arzinga are mentioned both by Pegolotti (_circa_ 1340) and by Giov. d’Uzzano (1442). But what were they? Buckram in the modern sense is a coarse open texture of cotton or hemp, loaded with gum, and used to stiffen certain articles of dress. But this was certainly _not_ the mediæval sense. Nor is it easy to bring the mediæval uses of the term under a single explanation. Indeed Mr. Marsh suggests that probably two different words have coalesced. Fr.-Michel says that _Bouqueran_ was _at first_ applied to a light cotton stuff of the nature of muslin, and _afterwards_ to linen, but I do not see that he makes out this history of the application. Douet d’Arcq, in his _Comptes de l’Argenterie_, etc., explains the word simply in the modern sense, but there seems nothing in his text to bear this out. A quotation in Raynouard’s Romance Dictionary has “_Vestirs de polpra e de_ bisso _que est_ bocaran,” where Raynouard renders _bisso_ as _lin_; a quotation in Ducange also makes Buckram the equivalent of Bissus; and Michel quotes from an inventory of 1365, “_unam culcitram pinctam_ (qu. punctam?) _albam factam_ de bisso _aliter_ boquerant.” Mr. Marsh again produces quotations, in which the word is used as a proverbial example of _whiteness_, and inclines to think that it was a bleached cloth with a lustrous surface.