_Vochan_ seems undoubtedly to be, as Martini pointed out, the city called by the Chinese YUNG-CH’ANG-FU. Some of the old printed editions read _Unciam_, _i.e._ Uncham or Unchan, and it is probable that either this or _Võcian_, _i.e._ VONCHAN, was the true reading, coming very close to the proper name, which is WUNCHEN. (See _J. A. S. B._ VI. 547.) [In an itinerary from Ava to Peking, we read on the 10th September, 1833: “Slept at the city Wun-tsheng (Chinese Yongtchang fú and Burmese _Wun-zen_).” (_Chin. Rep._ IX. p. 474.)—Mr. F. W. K. Müller in a study on the Pa-yi language from a Chinese manuscript entitled _Hwa-i-yi-yü_ found by Dr. F. Hirth in China, and belonging now to the Berlin Royal Library, says the proper orthography of the word is _Wan-chang_ in Pa-yi. (_T’oung Pao_, III. p. 20.) This helps to find the origin of the name _Vochan_.—H. C.] This city has been a Chinese one for several centuries, and previous to the late Mahomedan revolt its population was almost exclusively Chinese, with only a small mixture of Shans. It is now noted for the remarkable beauty and fairness of the women. But it is mentioned by Chinese authors as having been in the Middle Ages the capital of the Gold-Teeth. These people, according to Martini, dwelt chiefly to the north of the city. They used to go to worship a huge stone, 100 feet high, at Nan-ngan, and cover it annually with gold-leaf. Some additional particulars about the Kin-Chi, in the time of the Mongols, will be found in Pauthier’s notes (p. 398). [In 1274, the Burmese attacked Yung ch’ang, whose inhabitants were known under the name of _Kin-Chi_ (Golden-Teeth). (_E. Rocher, Princes du Yun-nan_, p. 71.) From the Annals of Momein, translated by Mr. E. H. Parker (_China Review_, XX. p. 345), we learn that: “In the year 1271, the General of Ta-li was sent on a mission to procure the submission of the Burmese, and managed to bring a Burmese envoy named Kiai-poh back with him. Four years later Fu A-pih, Chief of the Golden-Teeth, was utilised as a guide, which so angered the Burmese that they detained Fu A-pih and attacked Golden-Teeth: but he managed to bribe himself free. A-ho, Governor of the Golden-Teeth, was now sent as a spy, which caused the Burmese to advance to the attack once more, but they were driven back by Twan Sin-cha-jih. These events led to the Burmese war,” which lasted till 1301.