[4] The construction is best seen in Figs. 17 and 19. Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in the cut are from Chinese sources; Figs. 6, 7, 8 from Arabic works; the rest from European sources. [5] Christine de Pisan says that when keeping up a discharge by night lighted brands should be attached to the stones in order to observe and correct the practice. (_Livre des faits_, etc., _du sage Roy Charles_, Pt. II. ch. xxiv.) [6] Professor Sprenger informs me that the first mention of the _Manjanik_ in Mahomedan history is at the siege of Táyif by Mahomed himself, A.D. 630 (and see _Sprenger’s Mohammed_ [German], III. 330). The _Annales Marbacenses_ in _Pertz_, xvii. 172, say under 1212, speaking of wars of the Emperor Otho in Germany: “Ibi tunc cepit haberi usus instrumenti bellici quod vulgo _tribok_ appellari solet.” There is a ludicrous Oriental derivation of Manjanik, from the Persian: “_Man chi nek_!” “How good am I!” Ibn Khallikan remarks that the word must be foreign, because the letters j and ḳ (ج and ق) never occur together in genuine Arabic words (_Notes_ by _Mr. E. Thomas_, F.R.S.). It may be noticed that the letters in question occur together in another Arabic word of foreign origin used by Polo, viz. _Játhalíḳ_. [7] Dufour mentions that stone shot of the mediæval engines exist at Zurich, of 20 and 22 inches diameter. The largest of these would, however, scarcely exceed 500 lbs. in weight. [8] _Georg. Stellae Ann._ in _Muratori_, XVII. 1105; and _Daru_, Bk. viii. § 12. [9] Shaw, _Dresses and Decorations of the Middle Ages_, vol. i. No 21. CHAPTER LXXI. CONCERNING THE CITY OF SINJU AND THE GREAT RIVER KIAN. You must know that when you leave the city of Yanju, after going 15 miles south-east, you come to a city called SINJU, of no great size, but possessing a very great amount of shipping and trade. The people are Idolaters and subject to the Great Kaan, and use paper-money.{1} And you must know that this city stands on the greatest river in the world, the name of which is KIAN. It is in some places ten miles wide, in others eight, in others six, and it is more than 100 days’ journey in length from one end to the other. This it is that brings so much trade to the city we are speaking of; for on the waters of that river merchandize is perpetually coming and going, from and to the various parts of the world, enriching the city, and bringing a great revenue to the Great Kaan.