NOTE 11.—We have in Ramusio: “The men levied in the province of Manzi are not placed in garrison in their own cities, but sent to others at least 20 days’ journey from their homes; and there they serve for four or five years, after which they are relieved. This applies both to the Cathayans and to those of Manzi. “The great bulk of the revenue of the cities, which enters the exchequer of the Great Kaan, is expended in maintaining these garrisons. And if perchance any city rebel (as you often find that under a kind of madness or intoxication they rise and murder their governors), as soon as it is known, the adjoining cities despatch such large forces from their garrisons that the rebellion is entirely crushed. For it would be too long an affair if troops from Cathay had to be waited for, involving perhaps a delay of two months.” NOTE 12.—“The sons of the dead, wearing hempen clothes as badges of mourning, kneel down,” etc. (_Doolittle_, p. 138.) NOTE 13.—These practices have been noticed, _supra_, Bk. I. ch. xl. NOTE 14.—This custom has come down to modern times. In Pauthier’s _Chine Moderne_, we find extracts from the statutes of the reigning dynasty and the comments thereon, of which a passage runs thus: “To determine the exact population of each province the governor and the lieutenant-governor cause certain persons who are nominated as _Pao-kia_, or Tithing-Men, in all the places under their jurisdiction, to add up the figures inscribed on the wooden tickets attached to the doors of houses, and exhibiting the number of the inmates” (p. 167). Friar Odoric calls the number of fires 89 _tomans_; but says 10 or 12 households would unite to have one fire only!